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Conference hydra::amiga_v1

Title:AMIGA NOTES
Notice:Join us in the *NEW* conference - HYDRA::AMIGA_V2
Moderator:HYDRA::MOORE
Created:Sat Apr 26 1986
Last Modified:Wed Feb 05 1992
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:5378
Total number of notes:38326

2159.0. "LEGAL ISSUES FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS" by AITG::WISNER (Paul Wisner) Wed Jan 25 1989 13:49

    
    	For the past seven months I have been writing a video game for my
    Amiga.  Now I'm at the point where I'm trying to decide how to go about
    selling it.  But first, there is one legal issues I need help
    understanding.  
    
    	Some of the sound effects are sampled from movies and albums. 
    I took a machine gun sound from Robocop and an explosion from "Pink
    Floyd - The Final Cut" (great explosion!).  I noticed that other games
    have sounds from movies.
    
    	Does anyone have any experience with this issue?
    
        -Paul Wisner
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2159.1LEVERS::PLOUFFWes PlouffWed Jan 25 1989 16:358
    This is currently a hot issue in the music business, where samplers
    have found wide use.  A magazine article I read says that one rap
    artist who uses snippets of James Brown records pays royalties to
    Brown.
    
    I suspect that any copyright holder in the music or entertainment
    business would be perfectly willing to talk to you.  Wonder what
    the royalty fees would be for something like this?
2159.2a % of a %NZOV01::MCKENZIENuke the Leprechaun!Wed Jan 25 1989 18:195
    whatever the fee is it would be no more than a % of your net
    profits.....
    
    Phil (who had a friend who did what your doing with Pink Floyds
    "time" intro - with all the clock bells)
2159.3Maybe if they are short explosions...TLE::RMEYERSRandy MeyersWed Jan 25 1989 21:5612
Re: .0

I believe the law recognizes a threshold below which you can lift
anything you want.

On music, there is an eight note limit.  Use one to seven notes and
you owe nothing.  Use eight or more notes, and you owe royalties.

I don't know what the limits are for using "sounds" from an soundtrack.

Assuming you go through a publishing house (like Electronic Arts), they
should be able to advise you.
2159.4related subject?WJG::GUINEAUThu Jan 26 1989 11:075
How do people (such as Dave Wecker) work for DEC and yet produce software
with a Copyright in his name for a non-DEC product?

John
2159.5BEING::POSTPISCHILAlways mount a scratch monkey.Thu Jan 26 1989 14:179
    Re .4:
    
    People who work for Digital are not slaves.  They are employees.  If
    you produce something at Digital's request, on Digital's time, or with
    Digital's resources, then Digital has a claim to all or a share of the
    product.  If you produce it on your own, it's yours.
    
    
    				-- edp 
2159.6MTWAIN::MACDONALDWA1OMM 7.093/145.05/223.58 AX.25Thu Jan 26 1989 14:231
    Bill Hawes appears to have been successful at marketing his software.
2159.7employee agreementAITG::WISNERPaul WisnerThu Jan 26 1989 17:2424
    
    
    This is what our Employee Agreement says:
    
    1.  I will make full and prompt disclosure to DIGITAL of all
    inventions, improvements, discoveries, methods and developments (...),
    whether patentable or not, mode or conceived by me or under direction
    during my employment, wether or not made or conceived during normal
    working hours or on the premises of DIGTIAL.
    
    2.  Upon request by DIGITAL, I agree to assign to DIGITAL all
    developments covered by paragraph 1 and an patent applications covering
    such developments and to execute and deliver such assignments, patents
    and applications, and other documents as DIGITAL may direct and to
    fully cooperate with DIGITAL to enable DIGITAL to secure and patent or
    otherwise protect such developments in any and all countries.  
    [AND HERE IS THE PART THAT SAVES ME]
    However, this paragraph 2 shall not apply to developments which do not
    relate to the actual or anticipated business or research and
    development of DIGITAL or its subsidiary or affiliated corp., provided
    that such developments are made or concieved by me entirely during
    other than DIGITAL working hours, and not on DIGITAL's premises and not
    with the use of DIGITAL's equipment, supplies, facilities, tools,
    devices or trade secret information.
2159.8AITG::WISNERPaul WisnerThu Jan 26 1989 17:273
    What about images that come from movies?  Say, I have an alien space
    ship that looks like the War of the Worlds ships.  Is that ok?  
    hmmm.... 
2159.9BEING::POSTPISCHILAlways mount a scratch monkey.Mon Jan 30 1989 13:2314
    Re .7:
    
    > This is what our Employee Agreement says: 
    
    Correction:  That is what _your_ employee agreement says.  I was
    offered something else to sign, but it wasn't as broad as that.  Also,
    when I was offered the job, I asked if there were any contract to sign,
    and I was informed there was not.  On my first day, it turned out I had
    not been told the truth.  However, the "agreement" I was given to sign
    did not specify any compensation I would receive in exchange for what I
    was agreeing, so it is questionable whether it constitutes a contract.
    
    
    				-- edp 
2159.10ELWOOD::PETERSMon Jan 30 1989 14:1419
    
    re .9
    
    	There is no yours, mine, ours. Official word from "The Business
    	Conduct Committe" says that as long as you accept a pay check
    	from DEC all current personnel policies apply whether you signed
    	a contract or not. They may not be able to take you to court,
    	but you can loose your job.
    
    	I was also told that ownership is only half the battle. The
    	real problem is DEC's definition of "Conflict of Interest".
    	DEC beleives that anyone that makes a computer is competition.
    	And anything done to make that computer more useful ( like write
    	software ) is a conflict of interest.
    
    	This information is 2 years old when I checked all this out.
    
    		Steve Peters
    
2159.11Nit: name confusion?LEVERS::PLOUFFSemipro SemiologistMon Jan 30 1989 16:145
    Re: .6
>    Bill Hawes appears to have been successful at marketing his software.
    
    Hawes works here?  You may be confusing Bill Hawes with Bill Hawe,
    not an Amigaphile to my knowledge.
2159.12ALIEN::POSTPISCHILAlways mount a scratch monkey.Mon Jan 30 1989 16:2618
    Re .10:
    
    Oh, well.  So much for the mythical company that cares about its
    employees, as Digital worked so hard to convince me of during
    recruitment.  I guess big companies really don't understand that
    employment is a two-way street.
    
    If Digital starts firing engineers for writing games, they're going to
    lose good engineers.  If a person gets to the point where their games
    are of sufficient magnitude to make a fuss, then they've got another
    source of income.  And Digital cannot compete with the allure of
    writing games.  Engineers are a resource, and if Digital takes a strict
    line, they will lose employees to other companies. 
    
    It would be smarter for the company to encourage employee activities.
    
    
    				-- edp
2159.13Paranoia?MEIS::ZIMMERMANNinja turtles fight with honor!Tue Jan 31 1989 02:3416
    I'd be interested to hear what Dave Wecker has to say about this.  At
    one time - I think it was after the VT100 flap - he was calling
    himself a "wholly owned subsidiary of DEC".  Now he's released uRay
    with a license in his own name.  What happened?  Is ray tracing an
    area in which DEC has no interest? 

    Has anyone (other than Dave, possibly) been burned by the employee
    agreement?  People get their hackles up when someone mentions the
    employee agreement, but my impression has been that DEC doesn't care
    in any but the most blatant cases of conflict of interest.  For one
    thing, there usually isn't enough money in it to make it worth DEC's
    while. 

    I'm willing to be proven wrong!  Does anyone have any war stories?

    - Z
2159.14Also curious... GRYHWK::WITHERSNo life I know can compare with pure imagination..Tue Jan 31 1989 15:5914
I, too, am curious to know if anyone has fought the nameless-faceless evil and 
come out alive, well, and owning thier own software.

The problem with the Employee Agreement is that it, as people mentioned before,
allows DEC to decide who is a competitor and what thier market is.

Apple, from what I recall, has a great system.  Basically, if they want it they
get it...but if they take it and don't market it within a year, all rights and
privileges revert back to you.

Anyway, I'm also curious if anyone has war stories (good or bad) to share with
we who might (within a year...granted..;-)) be taking up the gauntlet...

George
2159.15my experienceSAUTER::SAUTERJohn SauterTue Jan 31 1989 16:5117
    I have some software which I developed on DEC's computers, using DEC's
    time.  I have written journal articles in which I mention its
    availability, so I'm not keeping it a secret.  It isn't a DEC product,
    even though I distribute it on mag tapes which I get at work.
    
    I have had absolutely _no_ negative feedback about this from my
    management, even though I've sent tapes all over the U.S.A. and to
    Canada and Europe.  As best I can tell, my management couldn't care
    less, as long as my activities don't impact my ability to get work
    done.
    
    Some caveats: 1) I don't sell this software, I give it away.  I don't
    even charge shipping.  However, I don't think my management knows that.
    2) The software is only useful on DEC products (the LN03 and LPS40)
    so its existence contributes to the sales of hardware.  3) My
    management is real nice people---you may not be as lucky as I am.
        John Sauter