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Conference misery::feline_v1

Title:Meower Power is Valuing Differences
Notice:FELINE_V1 is moving 1/11/94 5pm PST to MISERY
Moderator:MISERY::VANZUYLEN_RO
Created:Sun Feb 09 1986
Last Modified:Tue Jan 11 1994
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:5089
Total number of notes:60366

2758.0. "Winn Foundation Report - A Food Additive" by WR2FOR::CORDESBRO_JO () Thu Aug 10 1989 23:58

    The following is a Winn Foundation Report that was printed in the
    CFA Almanac, August issue.
    
    Propylene Glycol-Induced Heinz Bodies In Cats: Contribution to Anemia
    
    Mary M. Christopher, DVM; Victor Perman, DVM, Ph.D.; John W. Eaton,
    Ph.D; University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
    
    Propylene-glycol is a common preservative and a source of synthetic
    carbohydrates in soft-moist cat foods.  Preliminary studies showed
    that this additive may cause large numbers of Heinz bodies to form
    in the red blood cells of cats resulting in hemolytic anemia.  The
    investigators planned to establish to what extent the induced
    alterations in feline red cells result in cell destruction and anemia.
    
    The additive, propylene-glycol, is present in soft moist foods at
    levels of 5-13% on a dry weight basis and accounts for the high
    level of metabolizable energy of those foods.  Soft-moist foods
    are eaten by an estimated 4 million cats in the United States. 
    Cats eating these diets ingest between 2.5 and 30.2 grams of 
    propylene-glycol per day, depending on their diet, age, weight,
    level of activity and other factors affecting food consumption.
    
    In this study, propylene-glycol was fed to cats for 1 month at levels
    found in commercial diets and at levels exceeding usual intake.
    The results indicate that propylene-glycol cannot be considered
    safe even at levels consumed by cats eating commercial diets.  The
    dose-dependent destruction of red blood cells indicated that cats
    with a greater food intake, such as lactating queens and nursing
    kittens, are at greater risk for development of propylene-glycol-
    induced Heinz body hemolytic anemia.  Unlike dogs, cats have remained 
    strict carnivores throughout their evolution.  As a result, they 
    have no dietary requirement for carbohydrates.  Some feline diets 
    contain 40% or more carbohydrates, provided, in part, by synthetic 
    additives.  A major source of synthetic carbohydrates,
    propylene-glycol, even at the levels found in commercial soft-moist
    diets, causes significant, dose-dependent Heinz body formation and 
    decreased erythrocyte (red blood cell) survival in cats, which may 
    contribute to anemia.
    
    Other observations of cats fed the higher doses in this study included
    polyuria (increased urination) and ataxia (lack of coordination).
    The latter is consistent with the known narcotic effect of high
    doses of propylene-glycol on the central nervous system, similar
    to that of ethanol.  The metabolism of propylene-glycol as a
    carbohydrate substitute enhances certain liver functions as well.
    This suggests a possible relationship between propylene-glycol and
    diabetes mellitus, which has recently been associated with increased
    Heinz body formation in cats similar to that reported in this study.
    
    A manuscript describing this work has been accepted by the Journal
    of the American Veterinary Medical Association for publication and
    gives credit to the Winn Foundation for its support.  Additional
    manuscripts will be forthcoming. 
    
    **********************************************************************
    
    I thought that this information might be found to be useful to the
    Feline community.  This kind of thing scares me.  How long have
    we had soft-moist foods on the market??  Finally, someone is starting
    to pay attention to what goes into our cats foods.
    
    Jo
    
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2758.1back to bioled chicken ;*(FRAGLE::PELUSOFri Aug 11 1989 13:333
    Sorry, but I have a hard time understranding all those big words...
    So, what is a heinz body and is it found ONLY in the moist foods?
    (I guess what I am trying to ask is it in canned?)
2758.2That's awful!BSS::DAHLGRENFri Aug 11 1989 16:5611
    Sheesh!
    
    Check the cans for propylene glycol, not heinz bodies.  The heinz
    bodies are apparently formed in the bloodstream.
    
    Another conclusion would be that anything that supplies carbohydrates
    in the kitty's diet is at best unnecessary and at worst suspect
    or downright poisonous.  Guess I'll start marketing fresh rodents!
    
    
    						-- Ed
2758.3At least someone is doing studies like thisWR2FOR::CORDESBRO_JOFri Aug 11 1989 18:1612
    This study was done only on soft-moist type foods, not wet foods.
    I would list examples but I don't know if that is allowable under
    the circumstances.
    
    The previous noter is right, in my opinion.  Any cat food that contains
    propylene-glycol would seem suspect to me.
    
    I believe the heinz bodies are formed in the blood stream, and are
    being linked to anemia.  They also found a possible relationship
    between propylene-glycol and diabetes.
                                                  
    Jo
2758.4How sad, another harmful preservativePENPAL::TRACHMANExoticSH=Persian in UnderwearFri Aug 11 1989 18:4619
    
    
    Good Lord, what next - maybe it's time to start making meals
    for 19 (home cooked, that is) - the H*^)&ll with cat food.
    
    I find it seriously irritating to hear this stuff (not that I
    don't appreciate it) thinking of what we all pay for cat food
    and how much we all care about our animals.  Are these cat 
    food companies using the planned obsolescence technique, for
    what reason I don't know....sorry to sound nasty, but between
    Ethoxyquin and propylene-glycol (I have seen that on so 
    foods, what is left to feed.  We ought to start a note
    with the title 'SAFE FOODS' and keep adding the product
    that don't contain harmful additives.
    
    Thanks for alerting us to the problem !
    
    E.T._grateful_18_times_over !! 
    
2758.5Some explanationsBSS::DAHLGRENFri Aug 11 1989 21:3640
    Oops!
    
    I just re-read my .2, and it looks like I'm being critical of .1
    for asking some very important questions.  My apologies!!!
    
    The "Sheesh" was meant to convey, "Why are they poisoning their
    own customers, the idiots???"
    
    If I understood the base note adequately, there are several things
    going on in the kitty's body that the researchers are looking into.
    
    One is the formation of Heinz bodies.  Now, I thought this meant
    that the cat's coat was many different colors at first!  (8*)  But
    no, apparently this is something destructive that forms inside of
    the red cells in their blood.  And they've established that the
    more p-g cats eat, the worse the problem is.  Someone can certainly
    correct me here, but if I can decode the phrase "hemolytic anemia,"
    it means anemia caused by the destruction (lysis) of the red blood
    cells (heme) as opposed to maybe not having enough to start with.
    
    The significant phrase here is, "p-g cannot be considered safe even
    at levels consumed by cats eating commercial diets."
    
    Other effects on the cat's body are caused by p-g poisoning.  No
    explanation is offered for the increased urination, but loss of
    neural control over the bladder would be something to think about
    since they also mention that the loss of coordination is due to
    the drug effect of p-g on the cat's brain and nervous system.
    
    And to wrap the package up, the relationship between p-g and diabetes
    is supported by the relationship between Heinz bodies and diabetes.

    Altogether not a pretty sight!  Stupidly using preservatives I can
    understand; adding carbohydrates to the diet of an animal that has
    always lived on vermin I can't, unless it's back to the old "filler
    is cheaper than product" mentality.

    I repeat, "Sheesh!"
    
    							-- Ed
2758.6WR2FOR::CORDESBRO_JOFri Aug 11 1989 23:039
    This probably isn't the correct form of deductive reasoning, but,
    p-g causes increased urination, and p-g has been related to diabetes.
    Well, one of the symptoms of diabetes is increased urination, isn't
    it??  This is just an observation.  I don't feed soft-moist food
    to my cats, but one of my kitten buyers feeds it to the kitten she
    got from me.  Now I have a good argument for why she shouldn't.
    A better argument than "because it feels like rubber".
    
    Jo
2758.7Comparison data...HABS11::MASONExplaining is not understandingSat Aug 12 1989 14:0810
    re: listing brands...
    
    So long as there is nothing but uneditorialized factual material, i.e.
    
    	Brand X		10g
    	Brand Y		12g
    
    there should be no problem at all.
    
    Gary
2758.8FYI Prop. glycolFRAGLE::PELUSOPAINTS; color your corralTue Jul 03 1990 17:015
    FYI:
    
    Did you folks know propylene glycol is used a preservative in soda???
    
    Hmmmmmm........I wonder if it could harm us?