| Re:-.6,
> Personally, I take special pains to get the fuse members that
> support the wing and tail surfaces exactly per plan. Then, by
> building as perfectly square as I can, I assume that everything
> comes out in place. Maybe I should be a little more picky and
> follow up with a measurement?
* Good point, John. Many, many kits omit any reference to force-arrangement
(incidence setup) from their plans altogether...so what do you do then?? Like
you, I'd always merely built to the plans as accurately as possible and things
always came out just fine. I don't think Tom's intent in this topic is to get
everyone paranoid about incidence or to cause a "run" on the incidence meter
market. As already stated, a beginner/sport flyer/kit builder could survive
quite well for the entire duration of his involvement with R/C without ever even
knowing what incidence is!
I bought an incidence meter out of "gadget-appeal" when they first came out but,
other than playing around with it to see where my "finished" model had come out,
I rarely used it for a couple of years. Oh, I always took extra pains to "tram-
mel" the wing, stab and rudder square to the fuse but incidence, who cares.....
it'll fly; just trim the elevator for level flight and yer' OK. Indeed, this
approach sustained me for a whole lot of years but I didn't realize what I was
missing.
When I began scratch building the MiG-3, I determined to make it the straightest
and most perfectly setup model I'd ever built. I used the incidence meter to
build in 1-degree positive incidence in the wing with 2 1/2-degrees washout at
the tips. (One REAL nice thing about the meter is that you don't have to "see"
the warp[s] in a wing/stab...you can "measure" them.) I zeroed the stab/eleva-
tor to the thrust line and set the engine thrust 1-degree down and 1-degree
right (just to assure myself that I had NO up or left thrust).
MAN! Did it pay off!! The MiG is, without question, the finest flying model
I've ever flown. It's straight as an arrow and flies more like a pattern ship
than a scale model. Since then, I've become an incidence meter fanatic, using
it to setup several subsequent models and even going back and re-setting the ol'
"Yeller' Peril" (Bucker Jungmeister). The "Peril," at it's elevated weight, is
still no novice's airplane, but it flies a whole lot straighter and is not near-
ly as treacherous as it used to be (the 1-degree negative I put in the top wing
took all the anxiety out of landings where I used to have to land it at warp-3
to prevent snapping). Now, I can slow 'er right down and do the prettiest "kiss
on" wheel landings and/or 3-points you'd ever hope to see. I'll never build an-
other model without the incidence meter!
Several have mentioned the types of bench setups they use for building/setting
incidence, so here's my arrangement. I built all my bench-tops from a lamina-
tion of two layers of 3/4" "industrial density" partical board (not the punky
stuff you get from the lumber yard). The tops were then located atop the bench
structure and shimmed from beneath, using a precision level, `til they were ab-
solutely square and level in any/all axes. In the center of my shop, I've pla-
ced a round-top bench, ~48" in diameter, which doubles as storage for my flight-
boxes, fuel, etc in the bottom and all my setup tools in the top. This is my
setup bench; I set the model up on the bench-top and have clear access to walk
around it a full 360-degrees. (When not in use for this purpose, it's used as
my charging station and/or small sub-assy building bench.) Works out great.
Adios amigos, Al
|
| %!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: VAX DOCUMENT V1.2
%%+Copyright (c) 1986,1987,1988,1989 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION.
%%+All Rights Reserved.
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
%%EndComments
/DEC_DVC$dict where { %FIND DICTIONARY
pop
}{ %else
/DEC_DVC$dict 300 dict def
} ifelse
/BeginDVC$PSDoc { %BEGIN DOCUMENT
vmstatus pop pop 0 eq {
DEC_DVC$dict begin InitializeState
}{ %else
/DVC$PSJob save def DEC_DVC$dict begin InitializeState
/DVC$PSFonts save def
} ifelse
} def
/EndDVC$PSDoc { %END DOCUMENT
% --- Preserving current page count ---
/DEC$EDMS_MAKE_FILM where { pop Currentpagecount } if
vmstatus pop pop 0 eq {
end
}{ %else
DVC$PSFonts restore end DVC$PSJob restore
} ifelse
/DEC$EDMS_MAKE_FILM where { pop /Currentpagecount exch def } if
} def
%
DEC_DVC$dict begin
%
mark % CREATE ISOLatin1 ENCODING
/ISOLatin1
8#000 1 8#054 {StandardEncoding exch get} for
/minus
8#056 1 8#217 {StandardEncoding exch get} for
/dotlessi
8#301 1 8#317 {StandardEncoding exch get} for
/space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
/dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen
/registered /macron /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute
/mu /paragraph /periodcentered /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine
/guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown /Agrave
/Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute
/Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Eth /Ntilde
/Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply /Oslash /Ugrave
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls /agrave /aacute
/acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute
/ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis /eth /ntilde
/ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide /oslash /ugrave
/uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
/ISOLatin1 where not {256 array astore def} if
cleartomark
%
/DECMCS ISOLatin1 256 array copy def
mark % CREATE DECMCS ENCODING
8#240 8#244 8#246 8#254 8#255 8#256 8#257 8#264
8#270 8#276 8#320 8#336 8#360 8#376 8#377
counttomark
{DECMCS exch /.notdef put} repeat % STACK NOW CONTAINS MARK
8#250 /currency 8#327 /OE 8#335 /Ydieresis 8#367 /oe 8#375 /ydieresis
counttomark -1 bitshift % DIVIDE BY 2
{DECMCS 3 1 roll put} repeat % STACK NOW CONTAINS MARK
cleartomark
%
/DOCPSE DECMCS 256 array copy def
mark % CREATE DOCPSE ENCODING
8#055 /hyphen
8#201 /bullet 8#202 /emdash 8#203 /endash 8#204 /dagger
8#205 /daggerdbl 8#206 /registered 8#207 /trademark %8#210 /Delta
8#211 /fi 8#212 /fl
counttomark -1 bitshift % DIVIDE BY 2
{DOCPSE 3 1 roll put} repeat % STACK NOW CONTAINS MARK
cleartomark
%
/reencodedict 10 dict def %Local storage for "ReENCODE"
/ReENCODE { % /basefont /newfont encoding ReENCODE
/newencoding exch def %ARG: NAME OF ENCODING VECTOR
/newfontname exch def %ARG: NEW NAME FOR FONT AFTER RE-ENCODING
findfont
/basefontdict exch def %ARG: NAME OF FONT TO BE RE-ENCODED
basefontdict maxlength dict begin %CREATE AND OPEN NEW DICT
basefontdict { %COPY ENTRIES FROM BASE FONT DICT TO NEW ONE
1 index /FID ne {
def %IF NOT THE ONE WE'RE ENCODING, JUST COPY PTRS
} { %else
pop pop %IGNORE FID AND ENCODING FOR ONE WE'RE ENCODING
} ifelse
} forall
/FontName newfontname def %DEFINE NEW NAME
/Encoding newencoding def %DEFINE NEW ENCODING VECTOR
newfontname currentdict definefont %TURN IT INTO A PS FONT
pop %IGNORE MODIFIED DICT RETURNED BY DEFINEFONT
end
} bind def
%
/cvsstr 64 string def
/tempmatrix matrix def
%
/BP { % BEGIN PAGE
/Magnification exch def
/Currentpagecount where
{ pop /Currentpagecount Currentpagecount 1 add def } if
/DVC$PSPage save def
} def
%
/EP {DVC$PSPage restore} def % END PAGE
%
/XP { % EXIT PAGE (TEMPORARILY) TO ADD FONTS/CHARS
% SAVE CURRENT POINT AND COLOR INFORMATION SO IT CAN BE RESET LATER
currentrgbcolor Colorsused
/Xpos where {pop Xpos} {0} ifelse
/Ypos where {pop Ypos} {0} ifelse
/currentpoint cvx stopped {0 0 moveto currentpoint} if
/DVC$PSPage where {pop DVC$PSPage restore} if
moveto
/Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def
/Colorsused exch def setrgbcolor
} def
%
/RP {/DVC$PSPage save def} def % RESUME PAGE
%
/PF {GlobalMode LocalMode} def % PURGE FONTS TO RECLAIM MEMORY
%
/GlobalMode { % SWITCH TO BASE SAVE/RESTORE LEVEL, SAVING STATE
PortraitMode PaperWidth PaperHeight PxlResolution Resolution
Magnification Ymax Xorigin Yorigin RasterScaleFactor
% SAVE CURRENTPOINT INFORMATION TO RESET LATER
/currentpoint cvx stopped {0 0 moveto currentpoint} if
/DVC$PSPage where {pop DVC$PSPage restore} if
DVC$PSFonts restore RecoverState
} def
%
/RecoverState { % PRESERVE STATE AT BASE LEVEL
12 copy
/Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def /RasterScaleFactor exch def
/Yorigin exch def /Xorigin exch def /Ymax exch def
/Magnification exch def /Resolution exch def /PxlResolution exch def
/PaperHeight exch def /PaperWidth exch def /PortraitMode exch def
DoInitialScaling
PortraitMode not {PaperWidth 0 SetupLandscape} if
Xpos Ypos moveto
} def
%
/InitializeState { % INITIALIZE STATE VARIABLES TO DEFAULT VALUES
/Resolution 3600 def /PxlResolution 300 def
/RasterScaleFactor PxlResolution Resolution div def
/PortraitMode true def /PaperHeight 11 Resolution mul def
/PaperWidth 8.5 Resolution mul def /Ymax PaperHeight def
/Magnification 1000 def /Xorigin 0 def /Yorigin 0 def
/Xpos 0 def /Ypos 0 def /InitialMatrix matrix currentmatrix def
/DEC$EDMS_MAKE_FILM where % if we are making film...
{ pop % ..clean up the stack
54 54 translate % ..make room for the "film information"
} if
/Colorsused 0 def
} def
%
/LocalMode { % SWITCH FROM BASE SAVE/RESTORE LEVEL, RESTORING STATE
/Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def /RasterScaleFactor exch def
/Yorigin exch def /Xorigin exch def /Ymax exch def
/Magnification exch def /Resolution exch def /PxlResolution exch def
/PaperHeight exch def /PaperWidth exch def /PortraitMode exch def
DoInitialScaling
PortraitMode not {PaperWidth 0 SetupLandscape} if
Xpos Ypos moveto
/DVC$PSFonts save def /DVC$PSPage save def
} def
% % ABBREVIATIONS
/S /show load def
/SV /save load def
/RST /restore load def
/Yadjust {Ymax exch sub} def
%
/SXY { % (x,y) POSITION ABSOLUTE, JUST SET Xpos & Ypos, DON'T MOVE
Yadjust /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def
} def
%
/XY { % (x,y) POSITION ABSOLUTE
Yadjust 2 copy /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def moveto
} def
%
/X { % (x,0) POSITION ABSOLUTE
currentpoint exch pop 2 copy /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def moveto
} def
%
/Y { % (0,y) POSITION ABSOLUTE
currentpoint pop exch Yadjust 2 copy
/Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def moveto
} def
%
/xy { % (x,y) POSITION RELATIVE
neg rmoveto currentpoint /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def
} def
%
/x { % (x,0) POSITION RELATIVE
0 rmoveto currentpoint /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def
} def
%
/y { % (0,y) POSITION RELATIVE
0 exch neg rmoveto currentpoint /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def
} def
%
/R { % DRAW A RULE
/ht exch def /wd exch def gsave
% 0 setgray
currentpoint newpath moveto
0 ht rlineto wd 0 rlineto
0 ht neg rlineto wd neg 0 rlineto
closepath fill grestore wd 0 rmoveto
currentpoint /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def
} def
%
/RES { % <PXL-file resolution(pix/inch)> <resolution(pix/inch)> RES
/Resolution exch def /PxlResolution exch def
/RasterScaleFactor PxlResolution Resolution div def
DoInitialScaling
} def
%
/DoInitialScaling { % DO INITIAL SCALING
InitialMatrix setmatrix 72 Resolution div dup scale
} def
%
/PM { % <paper-height(pix)> <paper-width(pix)> PM
XP
/PaperWidth exch def /PaperHeight exch def
/Ymax PaperHeight def /PortraitMode true def
DoInitialScaling
RP
} def
%
/SetupLandscape {translate 90 rotate} def
/LM { % <paper-height(pix)> <paper-width(pix)> LM
XP
/PaperWidth exch def /PaperHeight exch def
/Ymax PaperWidth def /PortraitMode false def
DoInitialScaling PaperWidth 0 SetupLandscape
RP
} def
%
/MAG { % CHANGE MAGNIFICATION SETTING
XP /Magnification exch def RP
} def
%
/SPB { % <xoffset><yoffset>SPB - BEGIN "\SPECIAL" MODE
Yadjust /Yorigin exch def /Xorigin exch def
currentrgbcolor Colorsused
GlobalMode Xorigin Yorigin translate
Resolution 72 div dup scale % RESTORE DEFAULT SCALING
Magnification 1000 div dup scale % ADJUST FOR ANY MAGNIFICATION
/Xpos Xpos 72 Resolution div mul 1000 Magnification div mul def
/Ypos Ypos 72 Resolution div mul 1000 Magnification div mul def
/spsavobj save def %SAVE STATE & STACK DEPTH FOR CLEANUP AFTER FIGURE
/showpage {} def %DISABLE DURING FIGURE; `RESTORE' WILL BLOW DEF AWAY
mark
} def
%
/SPE { % SPE - END "\SPECIAL" MODE
cleartomark
spsavobj restore
1000 Magnification div dup scale % UN-ADJUST FOR ANY MAGNIFICATION
72 Resolution div dup scale % RESTORE DEFAULT INTERNAL SCALING
LocalMode
setrgbcolor /Colorsused exch def
} def
%
/PP
%
% If DEC$EDMS_MAKE_FILM is defined, it will add the crop & alignment marks,
% and the document name, page number, & ink color identifiers to the page.
%
% Formal Arguments: None
%
% Referenced Variables: DocumentName
% Colorsused
% Currentpagecount
% DEC$EDMS_MAKE_FILM
%
% Referenced Procedures: AlignMark
%
% Side Effects: Leaves the current font as Helvetica 8 point.
% Creates the variable "junkstr".
%
{ /DEC$EDMS_MAKE_FILM where % if making film...
{ pop 2 DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS exp cvi Colorsused and 0 ne % and if the correct separation
{ /Helvetica findfont 400 scalefont setfont
20 setlinewidth 0 setgray
PaperWidth 150 add PaperHeight 100 add moveto % show the ink color
(Ink: ) show Colornames DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS get show
PaperWidth 150 add PaperHeight 600 add moveto
(Page: ) show % show the page number
/junkstr 4 string def /TotalPages where
{ pop Currentpagecount junkstr cvs show ( of ) show
TotalPages junkstr cvs show } if
150 PaperHeight 100 add moveto % show the document name
(Document: ) show DocumentName show
150 -500 moveto % show ownership text
(This film is the property of Digital Equipment Corporation) show stroke
/DEC$EDMS_SUPPRESS_CROPMARKS where { pop } { % draw the crop marks
PaperWidth PaperHeight moveto % Upper Right
1800 0 rlineto -1800 0 rmoveto 0 1800 rlineto
PaperWidth 0 moveto % Lower Right
1800 0 rlineto -1800 0 rmoveto 0 -1800 rlineto
0 0 moveto % Lower Left
-1800 0 rlineto 1800 0 rmoveto 0 -1800 rlineto
0 PaperHeight moveto % Upper Left
-1800 0 rlineto 1800 0 rmoveto 0 1800 rlineto
stroke } ifelse
/DEC$EDMS_SUPPRESS_REGMARKS where { pop } { % draw the registration marks
gsave % Top Center
PaperWidth 2 div PaperHeight
/DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS where
{ pop DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS -50 mul add } if
translate AlignMark
grestore
gsave % Right Center
PaperWidth
/DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS where
{ pop DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS -50 mul add } if
PaperHeight 2 div translate AlignMark
grestore
gsave % Bottom Center
PaperWidth 2 div 0
/DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS where
{ pop DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS 50 mul add } if
translate AlignMark
grestore
gsave % Left Center
0
/DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS where
{ pop DEC$EDMS_POSITION_REGMARKS 50 mul add } if
PaperHeight 2 div translate AlignMark
grestore
} ifelse
} if
} if
showpage
} def
/CLRP {erasepage} def
%
/DMF { % /font-name <point-size(pix)> DMF
/psz exch def /nam exch def nam findfont psz scalefont setfont
} def
%
/concatnam { % /abcd (xxx) concatnam ==> /abcdxxx
/xxx exch def /nam exch def
/namstr nam cvsstr cvs def
/newnam namstr length xxx length add string def
newnam 0 namstr putinterval
newnam namstr length xxx putinterval
newnam cvn
} def
%
/strip { % /abcdef 2 strip ==> /cdef
/num exch def /nam exch def
/namstr nam cvsstr cvs def
/newlen namstr length num sub def
namstr num newlen getinterval cvn
} def
% ROUTINES TO HANDLE PACKING/UNPACKING NUMBERS
/PackHW { % <target> <pos> <num> PackHW --> <new target>
/num exch def /pos exch def /target exch def
num 16#0000FFFF and 1 pos sub 16 mul bitshift target or
} def
/PackByte { % <target> <pos> <num> PackByte --> <new target>
/num exch def /pos exch def /target exch def
num 16#000000FF and 3 pos sub 8 mul bitshift target or
} def
/UnpkHW { % <pos> <num> UnpkHW --> <unpacked value>
/num exch def /pos exch def
num 1 pos sub -16 mul bitshift 16#0000FFFF and
dup 16#00007FFF gt {16#00010000 sub} if
} def
/UnpkByte { % <pos> <num> UnpkByte --> <unpacked value>
/num exch def /pos exch def
num 3 pos sub -8 mul bitshift 16#000000FF and
dup 16#0000007F gt {16#00000100 sub} if
} def
%
/DPSF { % /procname size /fontname DPSF
findfont exch scalefont
[ exch /setfont cvx ] cvx def
} bind def
%
/PXLBuildCharDict 17 dict def
/CMEncodingArray 256 array def
0 1 255 {CMEncodingArray exch dup cvsstr cvs cvn put} for
/RasterConvert {RasterScaleFactor div} def
/TransformBBox {
aload pop
/BB-ury exch def /BB-urx exch def /BB-lly exch def /BB-llx exch def
[ BB-llx RasterConvert BB-lly RasterConvert
BB-urx RasterConvert BB-ury RasterConvert ]
} def
/RunLengthToRasters {
% none yet
} def
/GenerateRasters { % GENERATE RASTERS FOR "IMAGEMASK"
rasters runlength 1 eq {RunLengthToRasters} if
} def
%
/int-dict-name {int (-dict) concatnam} def
/int-dict {int (-dict) concatnam cvx load} def
%
/DefinePXLFont {
% <int-font-name><ext-font-name><pt-sz(pix)><PXL mag><num-chars>...
% ...[llx lly urx ury]<newfont-fg>DefinePXLFont
/newfont exch def /bb exch def /num exch def /psz exch def
/dsz exch def /pxlmag exch def /ext exch def /int exch def
/fnam ext (-) concatnam pxlmag cvsstr cvs concatnam def
newfont not {
int-dict-name 13 dict def
int-dict begin
/FontType 3 def /FontMatrix [ 1 dsz div 0 0 1 dsz div 0 0 ] def
/FontBBox bb TransformBBox def /Encoding CMEncodingArray def
/CharDict 1 dict def CharDict begin /Char-Info num array def end
/BuildChar {
PXLBuildCharDict begin
/char exch def /fontdict exch def
fontdict /CharDict get /Char-Info get char get aload pop
/rasters exch def /PackedWord1 exch def
0 PackedWord1 UnpkHW 16#7FFF ne {
/PackedWord2 exch def /wx 0 PackedWord1 UnpkHW def
/rows 2 PackedWord1 UnpkByte def /cols 3 PackedWord1 UnpkByte def
/llx 0 PackedWord2 UnpkByte def /lly 1 PackedWord2 UnpkByte def
/urx 2 PackedWord2 UnpkByte def /ury 3 PackedWord2 UnpkByte def
}{ %else
/PackedWord2 exch def /PackedWord3 exch def /PackedWord4 exch def
/wx 1 PackedWord1 UnpkHW def /rows 0 PackedWord2 UnpkHW def
/cols 1 PackedWord2 UnpkHW def /llx 0 PackedWord3 UnpkHW def
/lly 1 PackedWord3 UnpkHW def /urx 0 PackedWord4 UnpkHW def
/ury 1 PackedWord4 UnpkHW def
} ifelse
rows 0 lt {
/rows rows neg def /runlength 1 def
}{ %else
/runlength 0 def
} ifelse
wx 0
llx RasterConvert lly RasterConvert
urx RasterConvert ury RasterConvert setcachedevice
rows 0 ne {
gsave
cols rows true RasterScaleFactor
0 0 RasterScaleFactor neg llx .5 add neg ury .5 add
tempmatrix astore GenerateRasters imagemask
grestore
} if
end
} def
end
fnam int-dict definefont pop
} if
int-dict-name fnam findfont psz scalefont def
currentdict int [ int-dict /setfont cvx ] cvx put
} def
/PXLF { true DefinePXLFont} def % SIGNAL THAT FONT IS ALREADY LOADED
/PXLNF {false DefinePXLFont} def % SIGNAL THAT FONT IS NOT ALREADY LOADED
%
/PXLC { % <int-font-name><code><wx><llx><lly><urx><ury>...
% ...<rows><cols><runlength><rasters>PXLC
/rasters exch def /runlength exch def /cols exch def /rows exch def
/ury exch def /urx exch def /lly exch def /llx exch def
/wx exch def /code exch def /int exch def
% SEE IF LONG OR SHORT FORMAT IS REQUIRED
true cols CKSZ rows CKSZ ury CKSZ urx CKSZ lly CKSZ llx CKSZ
TackRunLengthToRows {
int-dict /CharDict get /Char-Info get code
[ 0 0 llx PackByte 1 lly PackByte 2 urx PackByte 3 ury PackByte
0 0 wx PackHW 2 rows PackByte 3 cols PackByte rasters ] put
}{ %else
int-dict /CharDict get /Char-Info get code
[ 0 0 urx PackHW 1 ury PackHW 0 0 llx PackHW 1 lly PackHW
0 0 rows PackHW 1 cols PackHW 0 0 16#7FFF PackHW 1 wx PackHW rasters ] put
} ifelse
} def
%
/CKSZ {abs 127 le and} def
/TackRunLengthToRows {runlength 0 ne {/rows rows neg def} if} def
%
/PLOTC {
% <wx><dsz><psz><llx><lly><urx><ury><rows><cols><runlength><rasters>PLOTC
/rasters exch def /runlength exch def /cols exch def /rows exch def
/ury exch def /urx exch def /lly exch def /llx exch def
/psz exch def /dsz exch def /wx exch def
% "PLOT" A CHARACTER'S RASTER PATTERN
rows 0 ne {
gsave
currentpoint translate psz dsz div dup scale
cols rows true RasterScaleFactor 0 0 RasterScaleFactor
neg llx .5 add neg ury .5 add tempmatrix astore
GenerateRasters imagemask
grestore
} if
wx x
} def
%
/AlignMark
%
% This procedure draws an alignment mark centered on the coordinate system
% origin. If the variable DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS = 0 then a "positive"
% alignment mark is drawn. If DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS <> 0 then a "negative"
% alignment mark is drawn.
%
% Formal Arguments: NONE
%
% Referenced Variables: DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS
%
% Referenced Procedures: NONE
%
% Side Effects: NONE
%
{ DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS 0 eq
{ 0 0 300 0 360 arc
0 -450 moveto 0 450 lineto -450 0 moveto 450 0 lineto stroke }
{ 0 0 450 0 360 arc fill 1 setgray 0 0 300 0 360 arc
0 -450 moveto 0 450 lineto -450 0 moveto 450 0 lineto stroke 0 setgray }
ifelse
} bind def
/SC
% If not making film, the following procedure sets the current color using the
% RGB color model. If making film, the procedure notes the "color pass" and,
% if the specified color index matches the color pass, subsequent marks are
% written in black. If the specified color index does not match the color pass,
% marks are written in white. Use of colors on individual pages is also tracked
% to allow pages that don't use a particular color to be suppressed on that
% color pass (by the code in the /PP routine).
%
% Formal Arguments: color index (on stack)
%
% Referenced Variables: Colorsused
% DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS
% DEC$EDMS_SUPPRESS_COLOR
%
% Referenced Procedures: NONE
%
% Side Effects: Modifies the variable Colorsused to record use of the color.
%
{ /DEC$EDMS_SUPPRESS_COLOR where % if suppressing color
{ pop 0 setgray pop } % .then set "color" to Black
{ /DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS where % .else if separating colors
{ pop dup DEC$EDMS_SEPARATE_COLORS eq % ..and if on this color pass
{ 0 setgray /Colorsused Colorsused % ...then write black (do write)
2 3 index exp cvi or def } % ...and note use of the "color"
{ 1 setgray } ifelse pop } % ...else write white (don't write)
{ DEC$EDMS_Colorarray exch get aload % ..else get the PMS color value
pop setrgbcolor } ifelse % ..approximations and set them
} ifelse
} def
end %DEC_DVC$dict
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
BeginDVC$PSDoc
CLRP 300 3600 RES
% DefineFont:F161 Category:10 PointSize:8
/NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE
/F161 400.0 /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F148 Category:10 PointSize:11
/NewCenturySchlbk-Italic /NewCenturySchlbk-Italic@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE
/F148 550.0 /NewCenturySchlbk-Italic@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F147 Category:10 PointSize:11
/NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE
/F147 550.0 /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F46 Category:10 PointSize:6
/Helvetica /Helvetica@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE
/F46 300.0 /Helvetica@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F42 Category:10 PointSize:8
/F42 400.0 /Helvetica@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F38 Category:10 PointSize:9
/F38 450.0 /Helvetica@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F36 Category:10 PointSize:10
/Helvetica-Bold /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE
/F36 500.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF
% DefineFont:F32 Category:10 PointSize:11
/F32 550.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF
/DEC$EDMS_SUPPRESS_COLOR true def
/DEC$EDMS_ColorCount 4 def
/DEC$EDMS_Colornames {
(Color-1) (Color-2) (Color-3) (Color-4)
DEC$EDMS_ColorCount array astore } def
/DEC$EDMS_Colorarray {
0 0 0 1 4 array astore %color 0 CMYK array
0 0 0 1 4 array astore %color 1 CMYK array
0 0 0 1 4 array astore %color 2 CMYK array
0 0 0 1 4 array astore %color 3 CMYK array
DEC$EDMS_ColorCount array astore } def
/DVC$PSFonts save def
%%EndSetup
%
%%Page: 1 1
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
%%PageCustomColors: (atend)
%%BeginCustomColor: 0
0 SC
1000 BP 39600 30600 PM 0 0 XY
3900 Y 11240 X F161(MODEL)S 174 x(AIRPLANE)S 176 x(FLIGHT)S 174 x
(TRIMMING)S 5892 Y 3899 X F148(Note:)S 220 x(The)S 137 x(foll)S 2 x
(owing)S 137 x(is)S 137 x(lifte)S 2 x(d)S 136 x(from)S 137 x(the)S
137 x(UltraSport-40)S 136 x(Instruction)S 137 x(book,)S 145 x(which)S
137 x(in)S 137 x(turn)S 136 x(reprinted)S 648 y 3899 X(it)S 183 x
(courtesy)S 183 x(of)S 183 x(Scale)S 184 x(R/C)S 182 x(Modeler)S
149 y 7327 X 4884 24 R -149 y 185 x(magazine,)S 183 x(Pat)S 183 x
(Potega,)S 183 x(Editor)S -10 x(,)S 183 x(August,)S 183 x(1983)S
181 x(issue.)S 8533 Y 3899 X F147(A)S 205 x(model)S 204 x(is)S 205 x
(not)S 205 x(a)S 205 x(static)S 205 x(object.)S 312 x(Unli)S -2 x
(ke)S 206 x(a)S 205 x(car)S -41 x(,)S 212 x(which)S 205 x(can)S 205 x
(only)S 205 x(hunt)S 204 x(left)S 206 x(or)S 205 x(right)S 206 x(on)S
205 x(the)S 205 x(road)S 647 y 3899 X(\(technically)S -61 x(,)S 213 x
(a)S 207 x(car)S 208 x(does)S 207 x(yaw)S 207 x(in)S 207 x(corners,)S
214 x(and)S 206 x(pitches)S 207 x(when)S 207 x(the)S 207 x(brakes)S
207 x(are)S 207 x(appl)S -2 x(ied\),)S 214 x(a)S 207 x(plan)S -2 x
(e)S 648 y 3899 X(moves)S 133 x(through)S 133 x(that)S 133 x
(\212uid)S 132 x(we)S 134 x(call)S 132 x(air)S 133 x(in)S 133 x(all)S
132 x(directions)S 132 x(simulta)S -2 x(neously)S -61 x(.)S 227 x
(The)S 134 x(pla)S -2 x(ne)S 133 x(may)S 134 x(look)S 132 x(like)S
647 y 3899 X(it')S -21 x(s)S 192 x(going)S 193 x(forward,)S 196 x
(but)S 192 x(it)S 192 x(could)S 192 x(also)S 191 x(be)S 192 x
(yawing)S 193 x(slightly)S -62 x(,)S 195 x(slipp)S -2 x(ing)S 192 x
(a)S 193 x(little)S 191 x(and)S 192 x(simulta)S -2 x(neously)S 648 y
3899 X(climbing)S 240 x(or)S 241 x(divin)S -2 x(g)S 241 x(a)S 241 x
(bit!)S 417 x(The)S 241 x(controls)S 241 x(interact.)S 418 x(Y)S
-61 x(aw)S 241 x(can)S 240 x(be)S 241 x(a)S 240 x(rudder)S 240 x
(problem,)S 255 x(a)S 241 x(lateral)S 647 y 3899 X(bala)S -2 x(nce)S
223 x(problem)S 222 x(or)S 223 x(an)S 222 x(aileron)S 222 x(rigging)S
223 x(problem.)S 363 x(W)S -31 x(e)S 223 x(must)S 223 x(make)S 222 x
(many)S 223 x(\212ights,)S 232 x(with)S 223 x(minor)S 648 y 3899 X
(changes)S 182 x(between)S 182 x(each,)S 183 x(to)S 183 x(isola)S
-2 x(te)S 183 x(and)S 182 x(\211nall)S -2 x(y)S 183 x(correct)S 184 x
(the)S 183 x(problem.)S 13414 Y 3899 X(The)S 219 x(chart)S 218 x
(accompanying)S 218 x(this)S 218 x(article)S 218 x(is)S 218 x
(intended)S 217 x(to)S 218 x(serve)S 219 x(as)S 218 x(a)S 218 x
(handy)S 218 x(\211eld)S 217 x(reference)S 220 x(when)S 648 y 3899 X
(trimming)S 186 x(your)S 186 x(model.)S 252 x(Laminate)S 186 x(it)S
185 x(in)S 185 x(plastic)S 185 x(and)S 185 x(keep)S 185 x(it)S 185 x
(in)S 186 x(your)S 186 x(\212ight)S 185 x(box.)S 253 x(Y)S -61 x(ou)S
186 x(just)S 186 x(might)S 647 y 3899 X(have)S 178 x(need)S 178 x
(to)S 179 x(consult)S 178 x(it)S 178 x(at)S 178 x(the)S 179 x(next)S
179 x(contest!)S 242 x(The)S 179 x(chart)S 179 x(is)S 178 x
(somewhat)S 178 x(self-explana)S -2 x(tory)S -60 x(,)S 180 x(but)S
178 x(we)S 648 y 3899 X(will)S 182 x(brie\212y)S 182 x(run)S 182 x
(through)S 183 x(the)S 183 x(sali)S -2 x(ent)S 183 x(points)S -2 x
(.)S 16353 Y 3899 X(First,)S 284 x(we)S 263 x(are)S 264 x(assumi)S
-2 x(ng)S 264 x(that)S 263 x(the)S 263 x(model)S 262 x(has)S 263 x
(been)S 263 x(C.G.)S 264 x(bal)S -2 x(anced)S 263 x(according)S 263 x
(to)S 263 x(the)S 264 x(manu-)S 648 y 3899 X(facturer)S 31 x(')S
-21 x(s)S 228 x(directions.)S 378 x(There')S -20 x(s)S 228 x
(nothing)S 227 x(sacred)S 227 x(about)S 227 x(that)S 228 x(spot\203)S
227 x(frankly)S -61 x(,)S 239 x(it)S 228 x(only)S 228 x(re\212ects)S
228 x(the)S 647 y 3899 X(bala)S -2 x(nce)S 173 x(point)S 172 x
(where)S 173 x(a)S 172 x(prototype)S 173 x(model)S 172 x(handl)S
-2 x(ed)S 172 x(the)S 173 x(way)S 173 x(the)S 173 x(guy)S 173 x(who)S
173 x(desi)S -2 x(gned)S 173 x(it)S 172 x(thought)S 173 x(it)S 648 y
3899 X(should)S -2 x(.)S 241 x(If)S 173 x(your)S 173 x(model')S -21 x
(s)S 173 x(wing)S 173 x(has)S 172 x(a)S 172 x(degree)S 173 x(more)S
173 x(or)S 174 x(less)S 171 x(of)S 174 x(inciden)S -2 x(ce,)S 176 x
(then)S 172 x(the)S 173 x(whole)S 173 x(bala)S -2 x(nce)S 647 y
3899 X(formula)S 182 x(is)S 182 x(incorrect)S 184 x(for)S 183 x
(you.)S 244 x(But,)S 182 x(it')S -20 x(s)S 182 x(a)S 182 x(good)S
183 x(ball)S -2 x(park)S 182 x(place)S 182 x(to)S 183 x(start.)S
19940 Y 3899 X(The)S 173 x(second)S 172 x(assumpti)S -2 x(on)S 173 x
(is)S 172 x(that)S 173 x(the)S 173 x(model)S 172 x(has)S 172 x(been)S
173 x(bal)S -2 x(anced)S 173 x(laterall)S -2 x(y)S -60 x(.)S 240 x
(W)S -30 x(rap)S 172 x(a)S 173 x(strong)S 173 x(string)S 647 y 3899 X
(or)S 161 x(mono\211lamen)S -2 x(t)S 161 x(around)S 159 x(the)S 161 x
(prop)S 160 x(shaft)S 160 x(behind)S 159 x(the)S 160 x(spinn)S -2 x
(er)S -40 x(,)S 165 x(then)S 161 x(tie)S 160 x(the)S 160 x(other)S
161 x(end)S 159 x(to)S 161 x(the)S 160 x(tail)S 648 y 3899 X(wheel)S
222 x(or)S 224 x(to)S 223 x(a)S 222 x(screw)S 224 x(driven)S 222 x
(into)S 223 x(the)S 222 x(bottom)S 223 x(of)S 224 x(the)S 223 x(aft)S
223 x(fuse.)S 364 x(Make)S 223 x(the)S 223 x(string)S 223 x(into)S
222 x(a)S 223 x(bridl)S -2 x(e)S 647 y 3899 X(harness)S 201 x(and)S
200 x(suspend)S 200 x(the)S 202 x(entire)S 201 x(model)S 201 x
(inverted)S 202 x(\(yes,)S 207 x(with)S 202 x(the)S 201 x(wing)S
202 x(on!\).)S 302 x(If)S 202 x(the)S 202 x(right)S 202 x(wing)S
648 y 3899 X(always)S 186 x(drops,)S 186 x(sink)S 186 x(some)S 186 x
(screws)S 187 x(or)S 186 x(lead)S 186 x(into)S 186 x(the)S 186 x
(left)S 187 x(wing)S 186 x(tip,)S 187 x(etc.)S 256 x(Y)S -61 x(ou)S
186 x(may)S 186 x(be)S 186 x(surprised)S 185 x(to)S 648 y 3899 X
(\211nd)S 182 x(out)S 182 x(how)S 183 x(much)S 183 x(lead)S 181 x
(is)S 182 x(needed.)S 24174 Y 3899 X(At)S 154 x(this)S 154 x(point)S
154 x(the)S 154 x(model)S 154 x(is)S 154 x(statically)S 154 x
(trimmed.)S 234 x(It')S -20 x(s)S 154 x(only)S 154 x(a)S 155 x
(starting)S 154 x(point,)S 159 x(so)S 155 x(don')S -11 x(t)S 155 x
(be)S 154 x(surprised)S 647 y 3899 X(if)S 149 x(you)S 148 x(wind)S
148 x(up)S 148 x(changing)S 149 x(it)S 148 x(all.)S 231 x(One)S 149 x
(other)S 149 x(critical)S 148 x(feature)S 149 x(is)S 148 x(that)S
149 x(the)S 148 x(ailerons)S 148 x(must)S 148 x(have)S 149 x(their)S
648 y 3899 X(hinge)S 208 x(gap)S 209 x(sealed.)S 322 x(If)S 210 x
(shoving)S 208 x(some)S 209 x(Scotch)S 210 x(tape)S 209 x(or)S 209 x
(Monokote)S 209 x(into)S 209 x(the)S 209 x(hinge)S 209 x(gap)S 208 x
(to)S 210 x(prevent)S 648 y 3899 X(the)S 212 x(air)S 212 x(from)S
214 x(sli)S -2 x(pping)S 212 x(from)S 213 x(the)S 212 x(top)S 212 x
(of)S 213 x(the)S 213 x(wing)S 212 x(to)S 212 x(the)S 213 x(bottom,)S
220 x(and)S 211 x(vice-ver)S 2 x(sa,)S 219 x(bothers)S 212 x(you,)S
647 y 3899 X(then)S 182 x(don')S -11 x(t)S 183 x(do)S 182 x(it.)S
27760 Y 3899 X(T)S -50 x(o)S 166 x(achieve)S 166 x(the)S 166 x
(maximum)S 165 x(lateral)S 166 x(trim)S 166 x(on)S 166 x(the)S 166 x
(model,)S 169 x(the)S 166 x(hinge)S 165 x(gap)S 166 x(on)S 166 x
(the)S 166 x(ail)S -2 x(erons)S 166 x(should)S 165 x(be)S 648 y
3899 X(sealed)S -2 x(.)S 235 x(The)S 156 x(easies)S -2 x(t)S 156 x
(way)S 155 x(to)S 156 x(do)S 154 x(this)S 155 x(is)S 155 x(to)S 155 x
(disconnect)S 154 x(the)S 156 x(aileron)S 154 x(linka)S -2 x(ges,)S
161 x(and)S 155 x(fold)S 155 x(the)S 155 x(ailerons)S 648 y 3899 X
(as)S 185 x(far)S 186 x(over)S 186 x(the)S 185 x(top)S 186 x(of)S
186 x(the)S 185 x(wing)S 186 x(as)S 185 x(poss)S -2 x(ible)S 185 x
(\(assuming)S 185 x(they)S 185 x(are)S 186 x(top)S 185 x(or)S 186 x
(center)S 186 x(hinged\).)S 252 x(Appl)S -2 x(y)S 647 y 3899 X(a)S
192 x(strip)S 193 x(of)S 193 x(clear)S 193 x(tape)S 192 x(along)S
192 x(the)S 193 x(joint)S 192 x(line.)S 274 x(When)S 192 x(the)S
193 x(aileron)S 191 x(is)S 193 x(returned)S 192 x(to)S 193 x
(neutral,)S 195 x(the)S 193 x(tape)S 648 y 3899 X(will)S 190 x(be)S
191 x(invisi)S -2 x(ble,)S 193 x(and)S 190 x(the)S 191 x(gap)S 190 x
(will)S 190 x(be)S 191 x(effectively)S 192 x(sealed)S -2 x(.)S 269 x
(Dependin)S -2 x(g)S 192 x(on)S 190 x(how)S 191 x(big)S 191 x(the)S
191 x(ailerons)S 647 y 3899 X(are,)S 257 x(and)S 242 x(how)S 242 x
(large)S 243 x(a)S 242 x(gapin)S -2 x(g)S 243 x(gap)S 242 x(you)S
242 x(normally)S 242 x(leave)S 242 x(when)S 242 x(you)S 243 x(insta)S
-2 x(ll)S 242 x(hinges,)S 257 x(you)S 242 x(could)S 648 y 3899 X
(experience)S 182 x(a)S 182 x(20)S 182 x(percent)S 183 x(increase)S
182 x(in)S 182 x(aileron)S 182 x(control)S 182 x(response)S 182 x
(just)S 182 x(by)S 183 x(this)S 182 x(simpl)S -2 x(e)S 183 x
(measure.)S 32642 Y 3899 X(Y)S -61 x(our)S 165 x(\211rst)S 166 x
(\212ights)S 165 x(should)S 164 x(be)S 165 x(to)S 165 x(ascertain)S
165 x(control)S 166 x(centering)S 165 x(and)S 165 x(control)S 165 x
(feel.)S 239 x(Does)S 165 x(the)S 166 x(elevator)S 648 y 3899 X
(always)S 241 x(come)S 243 x(back)S 242 x(to)S 243 x(neutral)S 241 x
(after)S 243 x(a)S 242 x(180-degree)S 242 x(turn)S 242 x(or)S 243 x
(Split-S?)S 243 x(Do)S 242 x(the)S 243 x(ail)S -2 x(erons)S 243 x
(tend)S 241 x(to)S 647 y 3899 X(hunt)S 198 x(a)S 197 x(little)S 198 x
(after)S 198 x(a)S 198 x(rolling)S 197 x(maneuver?)S 290 x(Put)S
199 x(the)S 198 x(plane)S 197 x(through)S 198 x(its)S 197 x(paces.)S
290 x(Control)S 197 x(centering)S 648 y 3899 X(is)S 223 x(either)S
224 x(a)S 224 x(mechancial)S 223 x(thing)S 224 x(\(binding)S 223 x
(servos,)S 235 x(stiff)S 225 x(linka)S -2 x(ges,)S 235 x(etc.\),)S
236 x(an)S 224 x(electronic)S 224 x(thing)S 224 x(\(bad)S 647 y
3899 X(servo)S 178 x(resolution)S 176 x(or)S 178 x(dead)S -2 x
(-band)S 177 x(in)S 177 x(the)S 177 x(radio)S 176 x(system\),)S 180 x
(or)S 177 x(C.G.)S 178 x(\(aft)S 178 x(center)S 178 x(of)S 178 x
(Gravity)S 178 x(will)S 177 x(make)S 37373 Y -278 x F36(1)S
%%EndCustomColor 0
PP
EP
%%PageTrailer:
%%PageCustomColors: 0
%
%%Page: 2 2
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
%%PageCustomColors: (atend)
%%BeginCustomColor: 0
0 SC
1000 BP 39600 30600 PM 0 0 XY
4006 Y 3899 X F147(the)S 189 x(plane)S 188 x(wander)S 188 x(a)S 189 x
(bit)S
(\).)S 264 x(The)S 189 x(last)S 188 x(possib)S -2 x(ility)S 189 x
(will)S 188 x(be)S 189 x(obvious,)S 190 x(but)S 189 x(don')S -11 x
(t)S 189 x(continue)S 189 x(the)S 189 x(testing)S 648 y 3899 X
(until)S 181 x(you)S 183 x(have)S 182 x(isolated)S 181 x(the)S 183 x
(problem)S 182 x(and)S 181 x(corrected)S 184 x(it.)S 5650 Y 3899 X
(Let')S -20 x(s)S 177 x(get)S 178 x(down)S 177 x(to)S 178 x(the)S
178 x(task)S 177 x(of)S 178 x(trimming)S 177 x(the)S 178 x(model.)S
241 x(Use)S 177 x(the)S 177 x(tachometer)S 178 x(every)S 179 x(time)S
177 x(you)S 178 x(start)S 648 y 3899 X(the)S 149 x(engine,)S 155 x
(to)S 149 x(insure)S 149 x(consistent)S 148 x(results.)S 232 x(The)S
149 x(trim)S 149 x(\212ights)S 149 x(must)S 148 x(be)S 149 x(done)S
148 x(in)S 149 x(calm)S 149 x(weather)S -41 x(.)S 233 x(Any)S 647 y
3899 X(wind)S 155 x(will)S 154 x(only)S 155 x(make)S 155 x(the)S
156 x(model)S 154 x(weathervane.)S 235 x(Each)S 155 x("maneuver")S
155 x(on)S 155 x(the)S 156 x(list)S 154 x(assumes)S 154 x(that)S
155 x(you)S 648 y 3899 X(will)S 161 x(enter)S 162 x(it)S 162 x(dead)S
161 x(straight-and-level.)S 236 x(The)S 162 x(wings)S 162 x(must)S
162 x(be)S 161 x(perfectly)S 163 x(\212at,)S 166 x(or)S 162 x(else)S
162 x(the)S 162 x(maneuver)S 647 y 3899 X(will)S 178 x(not)S 179 x
(be)S 179 x(correct)S 181 x(and)S 178 x(you'll)S 178 x(get)S 179 x
(a)S 179 x(wrong)S 180 x(interpretation.)S 242 x(That')S -21 x(s)S
179 x(where)S 180 x(your)S 179 x(observer)S 179 x(comes)S 648 y
3899 X(in.)S 243 x(Instruct)S 183 x(him)S 182 x(to)S 183 x(be)S 182 x
(especial)S -2 x(ly)S 183 x(watchful)S 183 x(of)S 183 x(the)S 182 x
(wings)S 183 x(as)S 182 x(you)S 182 x(enter)S 183 x(the)S 183 x
(maneuvers.)S 9884 Y 3899 X(Do)S 129 x(all)S 128 x(maneuvers)S 128 x
(at)S 128 x(full)S 129 x(throttle.)S 226 x(The)S 129 x(only)S 128 x
(deviation)S 127 x(from)S 130 x(this)S 128 x(is)S 128 x(if)S 129 x
(the)S 128 x(plane)S 128 x(will)S 128 x(be)S 128 x(routinely)S 648 y
3899 X(\212own)S 182 x F148(through)S 183 x(maneuvers)S 183 x F147
(at)S 183 x(a)S 182 x(different)S 183 x(power)S 183 x(setting.)S
11528 Y 3899 X(Let')S -20 x(s)S 235 x(commence)S 237 x(with)S 235 x
(the)S 236 x("engine)S 235 x(thrust)S 235 x(angle")S 235 x(on)S 236 x
(the)S 235 x(chart.)S 403 x(Note)S 236 x(that)S 235 x(the)S 236 x
(observations)S 648 y 3899 X(you)S 180 x(make)S 181 x(can)S 180 x
(also)S 179 x(be)S 181 x(caused)S 179 x(by)S 180 x(the)S 181 x
(C.G.,)S 182 x(so)S 180 x(be)S 180 x(prepared)S 179 x(to)S 181 x
(change)S 180 x(both)S 181 x(to)S 180 x(see)S 180 x(which)S 181 x
(gives)S 647 y 3899 X(the)S 176 x(desired)S 174 x(result.)S 241 x
(Set)S 177 x(up)S 175 x(a)S 176 x(straight-and-level)S 175 x(pas)S
-2 x(s.)S 242 x(The)S 176 x(model)S 175 x(should)S 175 x(be)S 175 x
(almost)S 175 x(hands-off.)S 648 y 3899 X(W)S -21 x(ithout)S 181 x
(touching)S 181 x(any)S 181 x(other)S 182 x(control)S 181 x(on)S
182 x(the)S 181 x(transmitter)S -41 x(,)S 182 x(suddenl)S -2 x(y)S
182 x(chop)S 181 x(the)S 181 x(throttle.)S 244 x(Did)S 181 x(the)S
647 y 3899 X(nose)S 207 x(drop?)S 318 x(When)S 207 x(you)S 208 x
(add)S 206 x(power)S 208 x(again,)S 213 x(did)S 206 x(the)S 208 x
(nose)S 207 x(pitch)S 207 x(up)S 207 x(a)S 208 x(bit?)S 318 x(If)S
208 x(so,)S 214 x(you)S 208 x(need)S 207 x(some)S 648 y 3899 X
(downthrust,)S 220 x(or)S 212 x(nose)S 212 x(weight.)S 334 x(When)S
211 x(the)S 213 x(thrust)S 212 x(is)S 212 x(correct,)S 221 x(the)S
213 x(model)S 211 x(should)S 211 x(continue)S 212 x(along)S 648 y
3899 X(the)S 231 x(same)S 230 x(\212ight)S 230 x(path)S 230 x(for)S
232 x(at)S 231 x(least)S 230 x(a)S 230 x(dozen)S 230 x(plane)S 229 x
(lengths)S 231 x(before)S 231 x(gravity)S 231 x(starts)S 231 x(to)S
231 x(naturall)S -2 x(y)S 647 y 3899 X(bring)S 182 x(it)S 183 x
(down.)S 17057 Y 3899 X(Do)S 247 x(each)S 247 x(maneuver)S 247 x
(several)S 246 x(times,)S 263 x(to)S 247 x(make)S 247 x(sure)S 246 x
(that)S 247 x(you)S 247 x(are)S 247 x(getting)S 247 x(a)S 247 x
(proper)S 246 x(diagnosi)S -2 x(s.)S 648 y 3899 X(Often,)S 294 x(a)S
271 x(gust,)S 294 x(an)S 270 x(accidental)S 270 x(nudge)S 271 x(on)S
271 x(the)S 271 x(controls,)S 293 x(or)S 272 x(just)S 271 x(a)S 271 x
(poor)S 271 x(maneuver)S 271 x(entry)S 272 x(can)S 648 y 3899 X
(mislead)S 205 x(you.)S 317 x(The)S 207 x(thrust)S 207 x
(adjustments)S 206 x(are)S 207 x(a)S 206 x(real)S 207 x(pain)S 205 x
(to)S 208 x(make.)S 316 x(On)S 207 x(most)S 207 x(models,)S 212 x
(it)S 207 x(means)S 647 y 3899 X(taking)S 198 x(the)S 198 x(engine)S
198 x(out,)S 203 x(add)S -2 x(ing)S 199 x(shims)S -2 x(,)S 203 x
(then)S 198 x(reassemblin)S -2 x(g)S 199 x(the)S 199 x(whole)S 198 x
(thing.)S 291 x(Don')S -10 x(t)S 198 x(take)S 199 x(short)S 648 y
3899 X(cuts.)S 374 x(Don')S -10 x(t)S 226 x(try)S 227 x(to)S 226 x
(proceed)S 226 x(with)S 226 x(the)S 226 x(other)S 226 x(trim)S 226 x
(adjustments)S 225 x(until)S 225 x(you)S 226 x(have)S 226 x(the)S
226 x(thrustlin)S -2 x(e)S 647 y 3899 X(and/or)S 182 x(C.G.)S 183 x
(correct)S 2 x(.)S 243 x(They)S 184 x(are)S 182 x(the)S 183 x(basi)S
-2 x(s)S 183 x(upon)S 181 x(which)S 183 x(all)S 181 x(other)S 183 x
(trim)S 183 x(settings)S 182 x(are)S 182 x(made.)S 21291 Y 3899 X
(Also,)S 171 x(while)S 169 x(you)S 170 x(have)S 169 x(landed)S -2 x
(,)S 173 x(take)S 169 x(the)S 170 x(time)S 169 x(to)S 170 x(crank)S
170 x(the)S 169 x(clevises)S 169 x(until)S 169 x(the)S 169 x
(transmitter)S 170 x(trims)S 648 y 3899 X(are)S 169 x(at)S 169 x
(neutral.)S 238 x(Don')S -10 x(t)S 170 x(leave)S 168 x(the)S 169 x
(airpla)S -2 x(ne)S 169 x(so)S 169 x(that)S 169 x(the)S 169 x
(transmitter)S 169 x(has)S 168 x(some)S 169 x(odd-bal)S -2 x(l)S
169 x(combina-)S 648 y 3899 X(tion)S 185 x(of)S 187 x(trim)S 186 x
(settings.)S 254 x(One)S 186 x(bump)S 185 x(of)S 186 x(the)S 186 x
(transmitter)S 186 x(and)S 185 x(you)S 186 x(have)S 186 x(lost)S
186 x(everything.)S 254 x(The)S 186 x(trim)S 647 y 3899 X(must)S
162 x(be)S 162 x(repeatabl)S -2 x(e,)S 167 x(and)S 161 x(the)S 162 x
(only)S 162 x(sure)S 162 x(way)S 162 x(to)S 163 x(do)S 161 x(this)S
162 x(is)S 161 x(to)S 163 x(always)S 161 x(start)S 162 x(with)S 162 x
(the)S 163 x(transmitter)S 648 y 3899 X(control)S 183 x(trims)S 182 x
(at)S 183 x(the)S 182 x(middl)S -2 x(e.)S 24878 Y 3899 X(The)S 203 x
(next)S 203 x(maneuver)S 203 x(is)S 202 x(somewhat)S 202 x(more)S
203 x(tricky)S 204 x(than)S 202 x(it)S 203 x(looks.)S 303 x(T)S -50 x
(o)S 203 x(verify)S 204 x(the)S 202 x(C.G.,)S 209 x(we)S 203 x(roll)S
203 x(the)S 648 y 3899 X(model)S 206 x(up)S 206 x(to)S 207 x(a)S
206 x(45-degree)S 207 x(bank,)S 212 x(then)S 206 x(take)S 207 x(our)S
207 x(hand)S -2 x(s)S 207 x(off)S 208 x(the)S 206 x(controls.)S 316 x
(The)S 207 x(model)S 206 x(should)S 205 x(go)S 647 y 3899 X(a)S 184 x
(reasonabl)S -2 x(e)S 185 x(disa)S -2 x(nce)S 185 x(with)S 184 x
(the)S 185 x(fuse)S 184 x(at)S 184 x(an)S 184 x(even)S 185 x(keel.)S
249 x(If)S 185 x(the)S 184 x(nose)S 184 x(pitches)S 184 x(down,)S
185 x(remove)S 185 x(some)S 648 y 3899 X(nose)S 207 x(weight,)S 214 x
(and)S 207 x(the)S 207 x(opposite)S 206 x(if)S 208 x(the)S 208 x
(nose)S 207 x(pitches)S 206 x(up.)S 319 x(The)S 207 x(trick)S 208 x
(is)S 207 x(to)S 208 x(use)S 207 x(only)S 207 x(the)S 208 x
(ailerons)S 647 y 3899 X(to)S 170 x(get)S 170 x(the)S 170 x(model)S
170 x(up)S 169 x(at)S 170 x(a)S 169 x(45-degree)S 170 x(bank.)S 239 x
(W)S -31 x(e)S 170 x(almost)S 169 x(automatically)S 169 x(start)S
170 x(feeding)S 169 x(in)S 170 x(elevator)S -41 x(,)S 648 y 3899 X
(but)S 204 x(that')S -21 x(s)S 204 x(a)S 204 x(no-no.)S 309 x(Do)S
205 x(the)S 204 x(bank)S 204 x(in)S 204 x(both)S 203 x(directions,)S
210 x(just)S 204 x(to)S 204 x(make)S 204 x(sure)S 204 x(that)S 205 x
(you)S 204 x(are)S 204 x(getting)S 647 y 3899 X(an)S 182 x(accurate)S
183 x(reading)S 181 x(of)S 184 x(the)S 182 x(longitudi)S -2 x(nal)S
182 x(balan)S -2 x(ce.)S 29760 Y 3899 X(W)S -31 x(e)S 186 x(now)S
185 x(want)S 185 x(to)S 185 x(test)S 186 x(the)S 185 x(correct)S
186 x(alignment)S 185 x(of)S 185 x(both)S 185 x(sides)S 184 x(of)S
186 x(the)S 185 x(elevator)S 185 x(\(even)S 186 x(if)S 185 x(they)S
186 x(aren')S -11 x(t)S 647 y 3899 X(spli)S -2 x(t,)S 231 x(like)S
220 x(a)S 221 x(Pattern)S 221 x(ship')S -21 x(s,)S 230 x(they)S 221 x
(can)S 221 x(still)S 220 x(be)S 220 x(warped)S 220 x(or)S 222 x
(twisted\).)S 358 x(Y)S -61 x(aw)S 221 x(and)S 220 x(lateral)S 220 x
(bala)S -2 x(nce)S 648 y 3899 X(will)S 222 x(also)S 221 x(come)S
223 x(into)S 223 x(pla)S -2 x(y)S 223 x(here,)S 234 x(so)S 222 x(be)S
222 x(patient)S 222 x(and)S 222 x(elimi)S -2 x(nate)S 223 x(the)S
222 x(variables,)S 232 x(one-by-one.)S 364 x(The)S 647 y 3899 X
(maneuver)S 198 x(is)S 198 x(a)S 199 x(simpl)S -2 x(e)S 199 x(loop,)S
202 x(but)S 198 x(it)S 199 x(must)S 198 x(be)S 199 x(entered)S 198 x
(with)S 199 x(the)S 198 x(wings)S 199 x(perfectly)S 199 x(level.)S
291 x(Position)S 648 y 3899 X(the)S 192 x(maneuver)S 193 x(so)S 192 x
(that)S 192 x(your)S 193 x(assi)S -2 x(stant)S 192 x(can)S 192 x
(observe)S 192 x(it)S 193 x(end-on.)S 272 x(Always)S 192 x(loop)S
191 x(into)S 192 x(the)S 193 x(wind.)S 272 x(Do)S 648 y 3899 X
(several)S 167 x(loops,)S 169 x(and)S 167 x(see)S 167 x(if)S 167 x
(the)S 168 x(same)S 167 x(symptom)S 167 x(persists.)S 237 x(Note)S
167 x(if)S 168 x(the)S 167 x(model)S 167 x(loses)S 166 x(heading)S
166 x(on)S 168 x(the)S 647 y 3899 X(front)S 175 x(or)S 175 x(back)S
174 x(sid)S -2 x(e)S 175 x(of)S 175 x(the)S 174 x(loop.)S 240 x(If)S
175 x(you)S 175 x(lose)S 173 x(it)S 174 x(on)S 175 x(the)S 174 x
(way)S 175 x(up,)S 175 x(it')S -20 x(s)S 174 x(probabl)S -2 x(y)S
175 x(an)S 174 x(aileron)S 173 x(problem,)S 648 y 3899 X(while)S
182 x(a)S 182 x(loss)S 182 x(of)S 183 x(headi)S -2 x(ng)S 183 x(on)S
182 x(the)S 183 x(way)S 183 x(back)S 182 x(down)S 182 x(is)S 182 x
(most)S 183 x(likely)S 181 x(a)S 183 x(rudder)S 182 x(situati)S -2 x
(on.)S 37373 Y 3899 X F36(2)S
%%EndCustomColor 0
PP
EP
%%PageTrailer:
%%PageCustomColors: 0
%
%%Page: 3 3
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
%%PageCustomColors: (atend)
%%BeginCustomColor: 0
0 SC
1000 BP 39600 30600 PM 0 0 XY
4006 Y 3899 X F147(After)S 154 x(you)S 153 x(get)S 153 x(the)S 153 x
(insid)S -2 x(e)S 154 x(loops)S 151 x(going)S 153 x(correct)S 2 x
(ly)S -61 x(,)S 159 x(do)S 153 x(the)S 153 x(same)S 152 x(maneuver)S
153 x(to)S 154 x(the)S 153 x(outsid)S -2 x(e,)S 160 x(entering)S
648 y 3899 X(from)S 243 x(an)S 241 x(inverted)S 242 x(position)S
-2 x(...)S 423 x(Before)S 243 x(you)S 242 x(make)S 242 x(too)S 242 x
(many)S 242 x(dramatic)S 241 x(changes,)S 257 x(glance)S 242 x(at)S
242 x(the)S 647 y 3899 X(remainder)S 192 x(of)S 192 x(the)S 193 x
(chart)S 192 x(and)S 192 x(note)S 192 x(the)S 193 x(myriad)S 191 x
(combination)S 191 x(of)S 193 x(things)S 192 x(we)S 193 x(can)S 192 x
(do)S 192 x(just)S 192 x(with)S 193 x(the)S 648 y 3899 X(ailerons)S
-2 x(.)S 244 x(Each)S 182 x(change)S 183 x(you)S 182 x(make)S 183 x
(will)S 181 x(affect)S 184 x(all)S 182 x(other)S 182 x(variables!)S
6945 Y 3899 X(Note)S 140 x(that)S 141 x(the)S 140 x(Y)S -61 x(aw)S
141 x(test)S 140 x(is)S 140 x(the)S 141 x(same)S 140 x(looping)S
139 x(sequences.)S 229 x(Here,)S 150 x(however)S -40 x(,)S 150 x(we)S
141 x(are)S 140 x(altering)S 140 x(rudder)S 648 y 3899 X(and)S 189 x
(ail)S -2 x(erons,)S 192 x(instead)S 188 x(of)S 190 x(the)S 190 x
(elevator)S 189 x(halves.)S 264 x(W)S -31 x(e)S 190 x(must)S 189 x
(repeat)S 190 x(that)S 189 x(many)S 189 x(airplanes)S 188 x(just)S
189 x(will)S 647 y 3899 X(not)S 151 x(acheive)S 152 x(adeq)S -2 x
(uate)S 152 x(lateral)S 150 x(trim)S 152 x(without)S 151 x(sealing)S
150 x(the)S 152 x(hinge)S 151 x(gaps)S 151 x(shut.)S 233 x(The)S
151 x(larger)S 152 x(you)S 152 x(make)S 648 y 3899 X(the)S 182 x
(loops)S 182 x(\(to)S 183 x(a)S 182 x(point\),)S 183 x(the)S 182 x
(more)S 183 x(discernable)S 181 x(the)S 183 x(errors)S 183 x(will)S
182 x(be.)S 9884 Y 3899 X(The)S 230 x(Lateral)S 231 x(Bal)S -2 x
(ance)S 230 x(test)S 231 x(has)S 229 x(us)S 230 x(pulli)S -2 x(ng)S
231 x(those)S 229 x(loops)S 230 x(very)S 231 x(tightly)S -61 x(.)S
386 x(Actually)S -61 x(,)S 242 x(we)S 231 x(prefer)S 231 x(the)S
648 y 3899 X(Hammerhead)S 193 x(as)S 194 x(a)S 194 x(better)S 194 x
(test)S 194 x(for)S 195 x(a)S 193 x(heavy)S 194 x(wing.)S 278 x
(Pull)S 194 x(straight)S 194 x(up)S 193 x(into)S 194 x(a)S 193 x
(vertical)S 194 x(and)S 193 x(watch)S 647 y 3899 X(which)S 149 x
(wing)S 148 x(drops.)S 232 x(A)S 149 x(true)S 149 x(vertical)S 148 x
(is)S 149 x(hard)S 148 x(to)S 149 x(do,)S 155 x(so)S 149 x(make)S
148 x(sure)S 149 x(that)S 149 x(you)S 149 x(assi)S -2 x(stant)S 149 x
(is)S 148 x(observing)S 648 y 3899 X(from)S 194 x(another)S 192 x
(vantage)S 193 x(point.)S 273 x(Note)S 193 x(that)S 192 x(the)S 193 x
(engine)S 192 x(torque)S 193 x(will)S 192 x(affect)S 194 x(the)S
193 x(vertical)S 192 x(fall)S 192 x(off,)S 197 x(as)S 648 y 3899 X
(will)S 185 x(rudder)S 186 x(errors.)S 254 x(Even)S 186 x(though)S
186 x(we)S 186 x(balance)S 185 x(the)S 186 x(wing)S 186 x(staticall)S
-2 x(y)S 187 x(before)S 186 x(leaving)S 185 x(for)S 187 x(the)S 186 x
(\211eld,)S 647 y 3899 X(we)S 183 x(are)S 182 x(now)S 183 x
(trimming)S 183 x(it)S 182 x(dynamicall)S -2 x(y)S -60 x(.)S 14118 Y
3899 X(The)S 145 x(Aileron)S 145 x(Coupl)S -2 x(ing)S 145 x(\(or)S
146 x(rigging\))S 146 x(is)S 145 x(also)S 144 x(tested)S 145 x(by)S
145 x(doing)S 145 x(Hammerheads.)S 230 x(This)S 145 x(time,)S 153 x
(however)S -40 x(,)S 648 y 3899 X(we)S 210 x(want)S 210 x(to)S 211 x
(observe)S 210 x(the)S 210 x(side)S 209 x(view)S 210 x(of)S 211 x
(the)S 210 x(model.)S 326 x(Does)S 210 x(the)S 210 x(plan)S -2 x(e)S
211 x(want)S 210 x(to)S 210 x(tuck)S 210 x(under)S 210 x(a)S 210 x
(bit?)S 648 y 3899 X(If)S 187 x(so,)S 187 x(then)S 187 x(try)S 187 x
(trimming)S 186 x(the)S 187 x(ailerons)S 185 x(down)S 186 x(a)S 186 x
(small)S 186 x(bit,)S 187 x(so)S 186 x(that)S 186 x(they)S 187 x
(will)S 186 x(act)S 186 x(as)S 186 x(\212aps.)S 255 x(If)S 187 x
(the)S 647 y 3899 X(model)S 227 x(tends)S 227 x(to)S 227 x(want)S
228 x(to)S 228 x(go)S 228 x(over)S 228 x(into)S 227 x(a)S 227 x
(loop,)S 238 x(then)S 228 x(rig)S 228 x(both)S 227 x(ailerons)S 226 x
(up)S 227 x(a)S 227 x(few)S 229 x(turns)S 227 x(on)S 228 x(the)S
648 y 3899 X(clevises.)S 317 x(Note)S 207 x(that)S 207 x(drooping)S
206 x(the)S 207 x(ailerons)S 206 x(will)S 207 x(tend)S 206 x(to)S
208 x(cancel)S 207 x(any)S 207 x(washout)S 207 x(you)S 207 x(have)S
207 x(in)S 207 x(the)S 647 y 3899 X(wing.)S 324 x(On)S 209 x(some)S
209 x(models,)S 215 x(the)S 209 x(lack)S 209 x(of)S 210 x(washout)S
208 x(can)S 209 x(lead)S 209 x(to)S 209 x(some)S 209 x(nasty)S 209 x
(characteristics)S 208 x(at)S 210 x(low)S 648 y 3899 X(speeds)S -2 x
(.)S 19000 Y 3899 X(The)S 201 x(effects)S 201 x(noted)S 200 x(with)S
201 x(the)S 200 x(Aileron)S 199 x(Coupli)S -2 x(ng)S 201 x(tests)S
200 x(can)S 200 x(also)S 200 x(be)S 200 x(caused)S 200 x(by)S 200 x
(an)S 200 x(improperly)S 200 x(set)S 648 y 3899 X(wing)S 240 x
(incidence.)S 417 x(The)S 241 x(better)S 240 x(test)S 241 x(for)S
241 x(this)S 240 x(is)S 240 x(knife-edge)S 240 x(\212ight...)S 418 x
(If)S 241 x(the)S 241 x(model)S 240 x(tends)S 239 x(to)S 241 x(pull)S
647 y 3899 X(upward,)S 217 x(i.e.,)S 219 x(it)S 211 x(swings)S 210 x
(toward)S 211 x(a)S 210 x(nose)S 211 x(up)S 210 x(direction,)S 217 x
(then)S 211 x(reduce)S 211 x(the)S 211 x(wing)S 211 x(incid)S -2 x
(ence.)S 329 x(If)S 212 x(the)S 648 y 3899 X(model)S 182 x(tries)S
182 x(to)S 183 x(go)S 183 x(off)S 183 x(heading)S 181 x(toward)S
183 x(the)S 183 x(bottom)S 182 x(side)S 182 x(of)S 183 x(the)S 182 x
(plane,)S 182 x(then)S 182 x(increase)S 182 x(incidence.)S 21939 Y
3899 X(Again,)S 233 x(we)S 224 x(reiterate)S 223 x(that)S 223 x(all)S
223 x(of)S 224 x(these)S 223 x(controls)S 223 x(are)S 224 x
(interactive.)S 366 x(When)S 222 x(you)S 224 x(change)S 223 x(the)S
224 x(wing)S 648 y 3899 X(inciden)S -2 x(ce,)S 160 x(it)S 153 x
(will)S 153 x(in\212uen)S -2 x(ce)S 154 x(the)S 153 x(way)S 154 x
(the)S 153 x(elevator)S 153 x(trim)S 154 x(is)S 152 x(at)S 153 x(a)S
153 x(given)S 154 x(C.G.)S 153 x(Retrimming)S 153 x(the)S 154 x
(wing)S 647 y 3899 X(will)S 198 x(also)S 198 x(change)S 198 x(the)S
199 x(rigging)S 199 x(on)S 199 x(the)S 198 x(ailerons,)S 202 x(in)S
198 x(effec)S 2 x(t,)S 203 x(and)S 198 x(they)S 199 x(may)S 199 x
(have)S 198 x(to)S 199 x(be)S 199 x(readjusted)S 648 y 3899 X
(accordingly)S -61 x(.)S 24878 Y 3899 X(The)S 180 x(whole)S 179 x
(process)S 178 x(isn')S -11 x(t)S 180 x(hard.)S 242 x(As)S 179 x(a)S
179 x(matter)S 180 x(of)S 179 x(fact)S 180 x(it')S -20 x(s)S 179 x
(rather)S 179 x(fun\202but)S 179 x(very)S 181 x(time)S 179 x
(consuming.)S 648 y 3899 X(It')S -20 x(s)S 220 x(amazing)S 220 x
(what)S 221 x(you)S 221 x(will)S 220 x(learn)S 221 x(about)S 220 x
(why)S 221 x(a)S 221 x(plane)S 220 x(\212ies)S 220 x(the)S 221 x
(way)S 221 x(it)S 221 x(does,)S 230 x(and)S 220 x(you'll)S 220 x(be)S
221 x(a)S 647 y 3899 X(better)S 175 x(pilot)S 175 x(for)S 176 x(it.)S
241 x(One)S 176 x(thing)S 175 x(we)S 175 x(almost)S 175 x
(guarantee,)S 177 x(is)S 174 x(that)S 175 x(your)S 176 x(planes)S
174 x(will)S 174 x(be)S 175 x(more)S 176 x(reliabl)S -2 x(e)S 648 y
3899 X(and)S 186 x(predi)S -2 x(ctable)S 186 x(when)S 187 x(they)S
187 x(are)S 186 x(properly)S 186 x(trimmed)S 187 x(out.)S 256 x
(They)S 187 x(will)S 185 x(\212y)S 187 x(more)S 187 x(ef\211ciently)S
-61 x(,)S 188 x(and)S 186 x(be)S 647 y 3899 X(less)S 181 x(prone)S
183 x(to)S 182 x(doing)S 182 x(radical)S 182 x(and)S 181 x
(surprisin)S -2 x(g)S 183 x(things.)S 243 x(Y)S -61 x(our)S 183 x
(contest)S 183 x(scores)S 182 x(should)S 181 x(improve,)S 183 x
(too.)S 28465 Y 3899 X(W)S -31 x(e)S 171 x(wish)S 170 x(to)S 171 x
(acknowledge)S 170 x(the)S 171 x(Orlando,)S 172 x(Florida,)S 173 x
(club)S 170 x(newsletter)S -40 x(,)S 173 x(from)S 172 x(which)S 170 x
(the)S 171 x(basics)S 169 x(of)S 172 x(the)S 647 y 3899 X(chart)S
183 x(presented)S 181 x(here)S 183 x(were)S 183 x(gleaned.)S 37373 Y
26934 X F36(3)S
%%EndCustomColor 0
PP
EP
%%PageTrailer:
%%PageCustomColors: 0
%
%%Page: 4 4
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
%%PageCustomColors: (atend)
%%BeginCustomColor: 0
0 SC
1000 BP 39600 30600 PM 0 0 XY
3650 Y 3899 X 23316 48 R 647 y 3899 X F32(T)S -41 x(able)S 182 x(1:)S
498 x(T)S -30 x(rim)S 183 x(Procedure)S 182 x(T)S -41 x(able)S 299 y
3899 X 23316 48 R 598 y 3899 X F38(T)S -17 x(rim)S 150 x(Feature)S
10026 X(Maneuv)S 2 x(ers)S 14409 X(Observa)S 2 x(tions)S 20536 X
(Corrections)S 299 y 3899 X 23316 48 R 697 y 3899 X(CONTRO)S -2 x(L)S
150 x(CENTERING)S 10026 X(Fly)S 99 x(genera)S 2 x(l)S 99 x(circles)S
548 y 10026 X(and)S 224 x(rando)S 2 x(m)S 224 x(ma-)S 548 y 10026 X
(neuvers)S 2 x(.)S 6190 Y 14409 X(T)S -16 x(ry)S 224 x(for)S 224 x
(hands)S 225 x(of)S -9 x(f)S 224 x(straight)S 548 y 14409 X(and)S
151 x(level)S 149 x(\212ight.)S -548 y 20536 X(Readjust)S 115 x
(linkages)S 114 x(so)S 115 x(that)S 114 x(Tx)S 114 x(trims)S 548 y
20536 X(are)S 151 x(centered.)S 7984 Y 3899 X(CONTRO)S -2 x(L)S 150 x
(THROWS)S 10026 X(Random)S 101 x(manuev-)S 548 y 10026 X(ers.)S 348 y
14409 X(a.)S 673 x(T)S -50 x(oo)S 100 x(sensitive,)S 109 x(jerky)S
100 x(con-)S 548 y 15456 X(trols.)S 648 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Not)S
127 x(suf)S -8 x(\211cient)S 128 x(control.)S 8880 Y 21583 X(If)S
183 x(A,)S 183 x(change)S 186 x(linkages)S 184 x(to)S 184 x(re-)S
548 y 21583 X(duce)S 150 x(throws.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(B,)S
149 x(increase)S 151 x(throws.)S 897 y 3899 X(ENGINE)S 98 x(THRUST)S
99 x(ANGLE)S -191 y F46(1)S 191 y 705 x F38(From)S 100 x(straight)S
100 x(\212ight,)S 548 y 10026 X(chop)S 100 x(throttle)S 100 x
(quickly)S -34 x(.)S 348 y 380 x(a.)S 673 x(Aircraft)S 99 x
(continues)S 100 x(level)S 548 y 15456 X(path)S 100 x(for)S 99 x
(short)S 101 x(distance.)S 648 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Plane)S 99 x
(pitches)S 100 x(nose)S 101 x(up.)S 647 y 14409 X(c.)S 698 x(Plane)S
99 x(pitches)S 100 x(nose)S 101 x(down.)S 11769 Y 21583 X(If)S 148 x
(A,)S 149 x(trim)S 150 x(is)S 149 x(okay)S -33 x(.)S 548 y 21583 X
(If)S 148 x(B,)S 149 x(decre)S 2 x(ase)S 150 x(downthrust.)S 548 y
21583 X(If)S 148 x(C,)S 149 x(increase)S 151 x(downthrust.)S 14409 Y
3899 X(CENTER)S 98 x(OF)S 100 x(GRA)S -34 x(VITY)S 99 x(LON-)S 548 y
3899 X(GITUDI)S -2 x(NAL)S 150 x(BALANCE)S -548 y 10026 X(From)S
100 x(level)S 100 x(\212ight)S 99 x(roll)S 548 y 10026 X(to)S 99 x
(45-de)S 2 x(gree)S 100 x(bank)S 548 y 10026 X(and)S 100 x
(neutralize)S 100 x(con-)S 548 y 10026 X(trols.)S -747 y 14409 X(a.)S
673 x(Continues)S 107 x(in)S 107 x(bank)S 109 x(for)S 548 y 15456 X
(moderate)S 151 x(distance.)S 648 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Nose)S 149 x
(pitches)S 150 x(up.)S 647 y 14409 X(c.)S 698 x(Nose)S 149 x(drops)S
2 x(.)S 15306 Y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(A,)S 149 x(trim)S 150 x(is)S 149 x
(good.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(B,)S 149 x(add)S 151 x(nose)S 150 x
(weight.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(C,)S 149 x(remove)S 151 x(nose)S
150 x(weight.)S 17946 Y 3899 X(SPLIT)S 173 x(ELEV)S -33 x(A)S -33 x
(T)S -8 x(ORS)S 173 x(\(Also)S 548 y 3899 X(yaw)S 149 x(and)S 151 x
(C.G.)S -2 x(\))S -548 y 10026 X(Into)S 99 x(wind,)S 109 x(pull)S
99 x(open)S 548 y 10026 X(loops,)S 204 x(using)S 194 x(only)S 548 y
10026 X(elevator)S -24 x(.)S 346 x(Repeat)S 548 y 10026 X(tests)S
99 x(doing)S 101 x(outside)S 548 y 10026 X(loops)S 224 x(to)S 223 x
(inverted)S 548 y 10026 X(entry)S -33 x(.)S 18843 Y 14409 X(a.)S
673 x(Wings)S 100 x(are)S 100 x(level)S 99 x(through)S 2 x(-)S 548 y
15456 X(out.)S 647 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Plane)S 99 x(tends)S 101 x
(toward)S 100 x(out-)S 548 y 15456 X(side)S 199 x(when)S 199 x
(right)S 199 x(side)S 548 y 15456 X(up,)S 109 x(and)S 101 x(to)S
99 x(inside)S 100 x(when)S 548 y 15456 X(inverted.)S 648 y 14409 X
(c.)S 698 x(Plane)S 105 x(goes)S 107 x(in)S 105 x(on)S 106 x(reg-)S
548 y 15456 X(ular)S 99 x(loops,)S 110 x(and)S 101 x(out)S 99 x(on)S
548 y 15456 X(inverted.)S 647 y 14409 X(d.)S 673 x(Plane)S 99 x
(goes)S 101 x(out)S 100 x(on)S 100 x(both)S 548 y 15456 X(types)S
149 x(of)S 150 x(loops.)S 648 y 14409 X(e.)S 673 x(Plane)S 99 x
(goes)S 101 x(in)S 99 x(on)S 101 x(both)S 548 y 15456 X(types)S 149 x
(of)S 150 x(loops.)S 18843 Y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(A,)S 149 x(trim)S
150 x(is)S 149 x(\211ne.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 102 x(B,)S 103 x(add)S
104 x(weight)S 103 x(to)S 104 x(right)S 103 x(wing,)S 548 y 21583 X
(or)S 149 x(add)S 151 x(right)S 149 x(rudde)S 2 x(r)S -25 x(.)S 548 y
21583 X(If)S 144 x(C,)S 144 x(add)S 146 x(weight)S 144 x(to)S 145 x
(left)S 144 x(wing,)S 548 y 21583 X(or)S 149 x(add)S 151 x(left)S
148 x(rudde)S 2 x(r)S -25 x(.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 127 x(D,)S 128 x
(raise)S 129 x(right)S 128 x(half)S 128 x(of)S 129 x(eleva-)S 548 y
21583 X(tor)S 149 x(\(or)S 150 x(lower)S 150 x(left\).)S 547 y 21583 X
(If)S 115 x(E,)S 115 x(raise)S 117 x(left)S 114 x(half)S 116 x(of)S
116 x(elevator)S 548 y 21583 X(\(or)S 150 x(lower)S 149 x(right\).)S
26614 Y 3899 X 23316 48 R 465 y 3899 X F46(1)S 141 y 25 x F42
(Engine)S 131 x(thrust)S 132 x(angle)S 131 x(and)S 132 x(C.G.)S 132 x
(interact.)S 176 x(Check)S 132 x(both)S -2 x(.)S 37373 Y 3899 X F36
(4)S
%%EndCustomColor 0
PP
EP
%%PageTrailer:
%%PageCustomColors: 0
%
%%Page: 5 5
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
%%PageCustomColors: (atend)
%%BeginCustomColor: 0
0 SC
1000 BP 39600 30600 PM 0 0 XY
3650 Y 3899 X 23316 48 R 647 y 3899 X F32(T)S -41 x(able)S 182 x(1)S
183 x(\(Cont.\):)S 499 x(T)S -30 x(rim)S 183 x(Procedure)S 182 x(T)S
-41 x(able)S 299 y 3899 X 23316 48 R 598 y 3899 X F38(T)S -17 x(rim)S
150 x(Feature)S 10026 X(Maneuv)S 2 x(ers)S 14409 X(Observa)S 2 x
(tions)S 20536 X(Corrections)S 299 y 3899 X 23316 48 R 548 y 3899 X
(Y)S -33 x(A)S -17 x(W)S -191 y F46(2)S 191 y 10026 X F38(Into)S
99 x(wind,)S 109 x(do)S 100 x(open)S 548 y 10026 X(loops,)S 204 x
(using)S 194 x(only)S 548 y 10026 X(elevator)S -24 x(.)S 346 x
(Repeat)S 548 y 10026 X(tests)S 99 x(doing)S 101 x(outside)S 548 y
10026 X(loops)S 100 x(from)S 100 x(inverted)S 548 y 10026 X(entry)S
-33 x(.)S 6937 Y 14409 X(a.)S 673 x(Wings)S 100 x(are)S 100 x(level)S
99 x(through)S 2 x(-)S 548 y 15456 X(out.)S 648 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x
(Y)S -34 x(aws)S 164 x(to)S 163 x(right)S 164 x(in)S 163 x(both)S
548 y 15456 X(inside)S 99 x(and)S 101 x(outside)S 100 x(loops.)S
648 y 14409 X(c.)S 698 x(Y)S -34 x(aws)S 233 x(to)S 231 x(left)S
232 x(in)S 231 x(both)S 547 y 15456 X(inside)S 99 x(and)S 101 x
(outside)S 100 x(loops.)S 648 y 14409 X(d.)S 673 x(Y)S -34 x(aws)S
100 x(right)S 100 x(on)S 100 x(insides,)S 548 y 15456 X(and)S 100 x
(left)S 99 x(on)S 100 x(outside)S 100 x(loops.)S 648 y 14409 X(e.)S
673 x(Y)S -34 x(aws)S 169 x(left)S 167 x(on)S 169 x(insides,)S 547 y
15456 X(and)S 207 x(right)S 207 x(on)S 207 x(outside)S 548 y 15456 X
(loops.)S 6937 Y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(A,)S 149 x(trim)S 150 x(is)S
149 x(correct.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(B,)S 149 x(add)S 151 x
(left)S 148 x(rudder)S 151 x(trim.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(C,)S
149 x(add)S 150 x(right)S 150 x(rudder)S 151 x(trim.)S 548 y 21583 X
(If)S 148 x(D,)S 149 x(add)S 150 x(left)S 149 x(aileron)S 150 x
(trim.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(E,)S 149 x(add)S 151 x(right)S
149 x(aileron)S 150 x(trim.)S 13612 Y 3899 X(LA)S -33 x(TERAL)S 149 x
(BALANCE)S 10026 X(Into)S 113 x(wind,)S 120 x(do)S 113 x(tight)S
548 y 10026 X(inside)S 100 x(loops,)S 109 x(or)S 100 x(make)S 548 y
10026 X(straight)S 124 x(up)S 125 x(climbs)S 548 y 10026 X(into)S
99 x(Hammer)S 2 x(heads.)S 548 y 10026 X(Do)S 141 x(same)S 142 x
(from)S 142 x(in-)S 548 y 10026 X(verted)S 150 x(entry)S -32 x(.)S
14509 Y 14409 X(a.)S 673 x(Wings)S 207 x(are)S 208 x(level)S 207 x
(and)S 548 y 15456 X(plane)S 265 x(falls)S 265 x(to)S 265 x(either)S
548 y 15456 X(side)S 99 x(rando)S 2 x(mly)S 99 x(in)S 100 x(Ham-)S
548 y 15456 X(merhead)S 2 x(.)S 647 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Falls)S
110 x(of)S -8 x(f)S 110 x(to)S 111 x(left)S 110 x(in)S 110 x(both)S
548 y 15456 X(inside)S 99 x(and)S 101 x(outside)S 100 x(loops.)S
548 y 15456 X(W)S -8 x(orsens)S 101 x(as)S 100 x(loops)S 100 x
(tighten.)S 648 y 14409 X(c.)S 698 x(Falls)S 99 x(of)S -9 x(f)S 100 x
(to)S 99 x(right)S 100 x(in)S 99 x(both)S 548 y 15456 X(loops.)S
503 x(W)S -8 x(orsens)S 252 x(as)S 548 y 15456 X(loops)S 149 x
(tighten.)S 647 y 14409 X(d.)S 673 x(Falls)S 234 x(of)S -9 x(f)S
235 x(in)S 234 x(opposite)S 548 y 15456 X(directions)S 99 x(on)S
101 x(inside)S 99 x(and)S 548 y 15456 X(outside)S 149 x(loops.)S
14509 Y 21583 X(If)S 148 x(A,)S 149 x(trim)S 150 x(is)S 149 x
(correct.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 123 x(B,)S 124 x(add)S 125 x(weight)S
124 x(to)S 124 x(right)S 124 x(wing)S 548 y 21583 X(tip.)S 548 y
-599 x(If)S 164 x(C,)S 166 x(add)S 166 x(weight)S 165 x(to)S 166 x
(left)S 165 x(wing)S 548 y 21583 X(tip.)S 548 y -599 x(If)S 148 x
(D,)S 149 x(change)S 151 x(aileron)S 150 x(trim.)S -191 y F46(3)S
22180 Y 3899 X F38(AILERON)S 148 x(RIGGING)S 10026 X(With)S 199 x
(wings)S 198 x(level,)S 548 y 10026 X(pull)S 99 x(to)S 100 x
(vertical)S 99 x(climb)S 548 y 10026 X(and)S 100 x(neutralize)S 100 x
(con-)S 548 y 10026 X(trols.)S -747 y 14409 X(a.)S 673 x(Cli)S -2 x
(mb)S 101 x(continues)S 100 x(along)S 548 y 15456 X(same)S 150 x
(path.)S 647 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Nose)S 199 x(tends)S 199 x(to)S
199 x(go)S 199 x(to)S 548 y 15456 X(inside)S 149 x(loop.)S 648 y
14409 X(c.)S 698 x(Nose)S 199 x(tends)S 199 x(to)S 199 x(go)S 199 x
(to)S 548 y 15456 X(outside)S 149 x(loop.)S 23077 Y 21583 X(If)S
148 x(A,)S 149 x(trim)S 150 x(is)S 149 x(correct.)S 548 y 21583 X
(If)S 138 x(B,)S 139 x(raise)S 139 x(both)S 140 x(ailerons)S 140 x
(very)S 548 y 21583 X(slightl)S -2 x(y)S -33 x(.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S
113 x(C,)S 114 x(lower)S 114 x(both)S 115 x(ailerons)S 115 x(very)S
548 y 21583 X(slightl)S -2 x(y)S -33 x(.)S 26813 Y 3899 X(WING)S
149 x(INCI)S -2 x(DENCE)S 10026 X(Knife)S 149 x(edge)S 151 x
(\212ight.)S 897 y 14409 X(a.)S 673 x(Model)S 207 x(tends)S 208 x
(to)S 207 x(veer)S 548 y 15456 X(in)S 149 x(nose)S 150 x(up)S 150 x
(dirction.)S 647 y 14409 X(b.)S 673 x(Model)S 182 x(veers)S 184 x
(in)S 182 x(nose)S 548 y 15456 X(down)S 149 x(direction.)S 27710 Y
21583 X(If)S 148 x(A,)S 149 x(reduc)S 2 x(e)S 149 x(wing)S 149 x
(incidence.)S 548 y 21583 X(If)S 98 x(B,)S 100 x(increase)S 101 x
(wing)S 99 x(incidence.)S 30101 Y 3899 X 23316 48 R 465 y 3899 X F46
(2)S 141 y 25 x F42(Y)S -30 x(aw)S 138 x(and)S 136 x(lateral)S 138 x
(balan)S -2 x(ce)S 138 x(produ)S -2 x(ce)S 138 x(simil)S 2 x(ar)S
137 x(symptoms.)S 192 x(Note)S 137 x(that)S 137 x(\211n)S 138 x(may)S
138 x(be)S 137 x(crooked)S -2 x(.)S 193 x(Right)S 137 x(and)S 137 x
(left)S 138 x(refe)S -2 x(rences)S 137 x(are)S 137 x(from)S 137 x
(the)S 137 x(plane')S -8 x(s)S 498 y 3899 X(vantag)S -2 x(e)S 133 x
(point.)S 602 y 3899 X F46(3)S 141 y 25 x F42(Ailerons)S 132 x
(cannot)S 131 x(always)S 133 x(be)S 132 x(trimmed)S 132 x(without)S
131 x(sealing)S 132 x(the)S 132 x(hinge)S 132 x(gap)S -2 x(.)S 486 y
3899 X 23316 48 R 37373 Y -281 x F36(5)S
%%EndCustomColor 0
PP
EP
%%PageTrailer:
%%PageCustomColors: 0
%%Trailer
EndDVC$PSDoc
%%DocumentFonts: NewCenturySchlbk-Bold NewCenturySchlbk-Italic
%%+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman Helvetica Helvetica-Bold
%%Pages 5
%%DocumentCustomColors: 0
|