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Conference 7.286::space

Title:Space Exploration
Notice:Shuttle launch schedules, see Note 6
Moderator:PRAGMA::GRIFFIN
Created:Mon Feb 17 1986
Last Modified:Thu Jun 05 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:974
Total number of notes:18843

301.0. "Launching in the Atmosphere" by ENGINE::BUEHLER () Sun Jun 21 1987 17:30

  I was just watching a showing of "Space Flight" on the tube last night
and I was struck by the following point;

  The US had had great success with aircraft which could fly into 'space',
specifically the X15 program.  When we had to make the decision to go into
space, the rocket aircraft program was passed over and ICBM-type-stuff was
chosen.  The spam-in-a-can approach to conquering the stars.

I noticed the size of the X15 and saw what it could do versus the size of the
ICBM stuff and what it could do.  These days we're looking for reuseable
vehicles and we're still not considering rocket aircraft on any scale. I'm just
wondering.  Is a pure rocket that jumps straight up through the atmosphere more
efficient that a winged vehicle that uses the atmosphere for lift until it runs
out of atmosphere?  The winged vehicle would have to switch over to reaction
thrusters for control once out of the atmosphere, but it would seem that all
this would only need a single engine.  The only difference that I see (as a
layman) is the presence of wings and a horizontal launch. 

  On a related note, why don't we utilize the atmosphere to our benefit?
It's almost like being at the bottom of the ocean and not floating to the
surface before trying to get a vehicle into the air.  Why don't we float
spacecraft up as high as possible with balloons or something?  Would certainly
seem to reduce fuel requirements...

John
[Just trying to get a different perspective on things]
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301.1VINO::DZIEDZICSun Jun 21 1987 23:508
    Responding to your related topic, the current development in subs
    is toward "negative buoyancy" vessels, ie, ones which sink without
    some power thrusting them upward.  The cans with air in them don't
    have the same degree of manuverability (compare an airplane with
    a hot air balloon).
    
    Not that this belongs in this notes file, but . . .
    
301.2MONSTR::HUGHESGary HughesMon Jun 22 1987 16:1320
    Some random thoughts about .0...
    
    The general philosophy with getting things into space has always
    been to get it above the lower layers of the atmosphere as quickly
    as possible to avoid using excessive reaction mass in fighting
    aerodynamic drag.
    
    There is probably some value in challenging that.
    
    The X-15 program was intended to explore high speed, high altitude
    flight. The fact that it could have been made into an orbital vehicle
    was somewhat incidental (that doesn't mean that it should have been
    ignored however).
    
    There used to be high altitude sounding rockets launched by balloon,
    Farside probably being the largest. They seem to have been replaced
    by bigger convnetional rockets. The balloon launch seems to have
    been a neccessity brought about by the available rocket motors.
    
    gary
301.3Building a bridge to get thereEDEN::KLAESThe Universe is safe.Mon Jun 22 1987 16:298
    	While we're at it, why don't we just build one of those "space
    elevators" - huge transportation towers that reach hundreds of miles
    above Earth's surface - to deliver materials into Earth orbit?
    
    	But that's another Topic in itself.
    
    	Larry
    
301.4REGENT::POWERSWed Jun 24 1987 13:0111
>    	While we're at it, why don't we just build one of those "space
>    elevators" - huge transportation towers that reach hundreds of miles
>    above Earth's surface - to deliver materials into Earth orbit?

Because space elevators need to be mass-centered in geosynchronous orbit,
meaning the entire structure has to be well over 23,000 miles long (to reach
enough past the geosynch point to counterbalance.
The alternative of a real tower 200 miles tall is interesting, but 
then you don't automatically have orbital velocity just by reaching the top.

- tom]
301.5hear sayMTBLUE::BARNABY_GALEMon Sep 14 1987 03:384
    seems to me NASA was toying with the idea of a shuttle with jet
    engines that would take off from a runway,once in low earths orbit
    it would jetison the 2 engines which would be remote controlled
    back to earth and the shuttle would then launch itself into orbit.
301.6use rocket engines only ?VIDEO::OSMANtype video::user$7:[osman]eric.sixWed Sep 16 1987 19:3818
Why bother to be elaborate by jettisoning your jet engines.  Just leave
them intact and use rocket engines when you've taken off.

o	Better yet, attempt to use same engine housings for both
	engines !

o	Better yet, use same fuel for both engines

o	(maybe better yet), use rocket engine to take off with, but
	use runway instead of vertical.  Then you'd only need one kind
	of engine.

	Of course, this might be too hot for blowing in airport mechanic's
	face as you taxi out, so another idea might be helicoptor blade
	to lift craft vertically, and then rocket engines start at
	safe altitude.

/Eric
301.7wild ideas!SAUTER::SAUTERJohn SauterThu Sep 17 1987 11:2517
    re: .6--
    
    Ack!  The art of jet engine design is fairly mature, and the art
    of rocket engine design is getting there.  The two beasts are very
    different: making one engine do both would result in a very inefficient
    engine, by today's standards, I expect.
    
    I have trouble imagining a helicopter with enough lifting capacity
    to carry a rocket capable of enough delta-V to achieve orbit.  The
    big rockets are brought to Kennedy Space Center by barge because
    they cannot be carried by any existing airframe.  The shuttle can
    be carried by a modified Boeing 747, but only after it has dropped
    its External Tank.
    
    (In fact, I think the big rockets are barged to KSC in pieces and
    assembled there.  Can anybody confirm this?)
        John Sauter
301.8He's not heavy, he's my rocket!TUNER::FLISThu Sep 17 1987 12:0013
    re: .7
    
    The 'big' rockets are barged to the cape (eg: Saturn V), but because
    they are too *large*, not due to their weight.  The first stage
    of the Saturn had a dry weight of 286,600 lbs (this is with the
    engines and shrouds installed)  Sounds high, but the engines are
    not shipped installed and they are the heaviest part of the stage.
     The second stage has a dry weight of only 78,750 lbs, not much
    more than the 3rd stage (at 24,900) which *is* flown in on the pregnant
    guppy.
    
    jim
    
301.9Have you heard of HOTOLPION::COSCONNOLLYGerry with G not jerry with a JThu Oct 22 1987 12:136
    re .0 and all jet engine replies
    
    	Have you heard of HOTOL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    
    
    Gerry