T.R | Title | User | Personal Name | Date | Lines |
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53.1 | First contact with Amerindians | TLE::SAVAGE | Neil, @Spit Brook | Tue Feb 11 1986 12:39 | 26 |
| The first recorded contact with the indigenous "indians" came in
the year following Leif's first landing at Vinland.
The sagas also recount that relations became increasingly
strained, and some bloodshed ensued. The name the Vikings gave
to the indigenous peoples ("Skraellingjer") was not complementary
and may have referred to the "war whoops" these people employed.
There was much misunderstanding of purpose and harrassment on
both sides. Arguements tended to focus on bad faith bargaining,
especially over weapons (which the Vikings at first refused to
exchange) and women [what else is new!?!].
Contact with Europeans in the intervening centuries was less
traumatic. Climatic changes in the North Atlantic had destroyed
the viability of the Viking settlement in Greenland by the end of
the 13th century. After that, contact between Europe and New
England involved mainly mutual fishing interests. Thus, by the
time the Mayflower landed, the local tribemen had a more beinign
view of Europeans, and even had had diplomatic missions to England.
Alas, first impressions are sometime prophetic, for the
suffering the Amerindians were to endure at the hands of "white
men" would turn out to be many times greater than the minor
skirmishes with the first vistors - the Vikings.
Neil
|
53.2 | Other tales the Sagas tell | TLE::SAVAGE | Neil, @Spit Brook | Tue Feb 11 1986 14:31 | 127 |
53.3 | Archeological and documentary evidence | TLE::SAVAGE | Neil, @Spit Brook | Tue Feb 11 1986 18:48 | 30 |
| Also from my son's history term paper:
One of the more famous finds, related to the viking presence in North
America, is the Maine Penny. This was a Viking coin, minted during
the reign of Olaf Kyrri (the Gentle) 1067-1093, and discovered during
an archeological excavation for Indian artifacts at Naskeag Point,
between Penobscot and Blue Hill Bays. The coin was probably given
as an item of trade (as for furs).
Other Norse artifacts recovered from North American sites include:
a sword, from Aillik in northern Ladrador; an axe, iron chisels
and boat rivets, from Sops Arm, White Bay, Newfoundland; an axe
with the maker's name inscribed, made in about 1000 A.D., from Tor
Bay, Nova Scotia; the Moulton-Orleans axe, of Norse design, from
Cape Cod.
Additionally, from parts of North America as distant as Long Island
and Minnesota have come boat hooks, mooring stones, and various
weapons.
Besides the sagas, documents from the latter part of the
middle ages include these references to New World contact:
o Vatican records of bishops visiting Vinland
o Cargo manifests listing turkeys (indigenous to N. America but
not found elswhere)
o Records in the Norwegian State Archives of Paul Knutson's missionary
expedition to the western shore of the Great Lakes
|
53.4 | SF version of Thorfinn's Saga | MANANA::DICKSON | | Wed Feb 12 1986 15:36 | 18 |
| A hilarious version of the story of Thorfinn Karlsefni and Gudrid
can be found in the SF novel "The Technicolor Time-Machine" by (I
think) Harry Harrison. Spoiler follows.
It seems this low-budget film studio makes use of a crazy professor's
time machine to go back and make an epic film about Thorfinn, using
real Vikings as actors, so as to save on sets, costumes, and (of
course) actors salaries.
So they find this guy, teach him enough English (they have an expert
in Old Norse along as translator/teacher) and talk him into making
the trip to Vinland so they can film it. After they get there, it
turns out that this guy is the real Thorfinn Karlsefni, and the only
reason he made the trip was because the film producer paid him to do it.
(Gudrid is actually the bimbo 20th century actress taken along to
play the love interest.)
|
53.5 | Thorfinn confirmed | NZOV02::PARKINSON | Hrothgar | Wed Feb 12 1986 22:37 | 3 |
| It was, indeed, by Harry Harrison. It originally appeared in Analog
magazine in the 60s (unsure of date) as 'The Time Machined Saga'.
Darn good story and very funny.
|
53.6 | Groups plan to mark America discovery | TLE::SAVAGE | Neil, @Spit Brook | Tue Mar 04 1986 13:20 | 45 |
| Associated Press Mon 03-MAR-1986 17:25 Vikings
PARIS (AP) - Two groups announced plans Monday to celebrate the
1,000th anniversary of the discovery of North America by the
Vikings starting Oct. 9, Leif Ericsson Day.
The groups are ``1,000 Years America,'' a French, Norwegian and
Canadian organization that is producing a film series to mark the
occasion, and the American-Scandinavian Foundation of New York.
Organizers said the celebrations also will include a gala at the
Kennedy Center in Washington, concerts, symposiums, a sailing race
with Viking boats and an automobile rally.
Film producer Jacques Fournier told a press luncheon that Viking
sailor Bjarni Herjolfsson saw the coast of America when his ship
was blown south while on his way to Greenland in the year 986.
Later Ericsson, a Norse explorer traveling from Norway to
Greenland, is believed to have set foot on American soil and
collected specimens of grapes, wheat and a species of wood not
known in Europe.
"The idea is not to cast doubt on Columbus, whose voyage still
retains all its importance and prestige," Fournier said. "But he
has had enough publicity. Now it's time to pay attention to Leif
Ericsson."
The Italian explorer Christopher Columbus is generally
acknowledged to have discovered America when he landed on an island
in the Bahamas in 1492.
Fournier referred to a resolution passed by the U.S. Congress in
1964 that requires the president to proclaim Oct. 9 each year as
Leif Ericsson Day and said the idea behind the festivities was to
make the proclamation more than a piece of administrative paper.
Plans for the celebration took shape when Fournier and two
colleagues, Serge Roux and Maurice Rollet, began working on a
television series that tells the story of Ericsson and his father,
Eric the Red, the Norse discoverer and colonizer of Greenland.
Robin Moore, author of ``The French Connection,'' has written
the script for the $17 million series. Filming is expected to begin
in April at locations in Norway, Iceland and Canada.
|
53.7 | GREAT INFO! WHAT SOURCES? | CSTVAX::CARLSON | | Wed Oct 15 1986 16:01 | 24 |
53.8 | Farley Mowat is an alien creature :-) | SWSNOD::RPGDOC | Dennis the Menace | Thu Oct 16 1986 11:52 | 16 |
|
RE: .7 "Mowat missives"
Try your local public Library for the works of Farley Mowat. The
title of his rather extensive work on the Norse settlements on
Newfoundland is titled, I believe, "Westviking".
His latest book, which I just picked up, but haven't read yet, is
entitled "My Discovery of America", published by the Atlantic Monthly
Press. It is the story of how he was banned from speaking in the
United States by the U.S. immigration authoritys, or the State Dept.
or somebody. The cover illustration is a cartoon of a hirsute Mowat,
naked, save a strategically placed Maple Leaf.
|
53.9 | Re: .7: Some other leads | TLE::SAVAGE | Neil, @Spit Brook | Thu Oct 16 1986 12:13 | 18 |
53.10 | More documentation | TLE::SAVAGE | Neil, @Spit Brook | Tue Nov 18 1986 14:09 | 8 |
| From the Bibliography of my son's Term paper "Viking Explorations
of North America"
Boorstin, Daniel J., The Discoverers, Random House, 1983.
Cameron, Ian, Lodestone and Evening Star, E.P. Dutton & Co., 1965.
Morison, Samuel Eliot, The European Discovery of North America
Pohl, Fredrick J., Atlantic Crossings Before Columbus, W.W. Norton
& Co., 1961.
|
53.11 | Morgensolen Nyhete article | MLTVAX::SAVAGE | Neil @ Spit Brook | Fri Oct 06 1989 16:02 | 56 |
| [Moved by moderator]
================================================================================
Note xxx.0 Leif the Lucky, found America ca 1000 A.D. No replies
FSTVAX::ROYER "blue_demense..magic is music" 51 lines 6-OCT-1989 08:41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 9th is Leif Erikson Day, He found Vinland about 500 years before
Columbus sailed.
This is copied from the Morgensolen Nyhete October 1989 Issue.
Leif, a Son of Erik the Red, went to Bjarni Herjulfsson, bought his ship and
hired a crew for it so that in all they were 35 men. They sailed out to sea
and found first the land which Bjarni had seen last. They went ashore. NO
grass grew there and great glaciers were seen inland. Then said Leif: "Now
it has gone better with us than with Bjarni, who came here and did not go
ashore. Now I will call this land Helluland."
After that they sailed out on the sea and found another land. This land
was flat and covered with woods, and there were extensive white sands, and
the beach was not steep. Then said Leif: "This land shall be named according
to its nature and it shall be called 'Markland'. (Woodland)
After that they were on the sea two days before they saw land. They sailed
into the sound between the island and a cape which stretched northward from
the coast, and steered westward past the cape. The water was so shallow there
that the ship ran aground and stood dry at ebbtide. At the next high tide they
took it up through the river into the lake, anchored, and carried their
leather bags ashore. They first built wooden huts, but later they decided to
remain there during the winter and they built then large houses.
Salmon, larger than they had seen before, were plentiful in the river and
the lake. The land seemed to them so good that there would be no need of
storing fodder for the cattle for the winter; there came no frost in the
winters, and the grass withered but little.
It was found one night that one of their men was missing, and that was
Tyrker Southman. Leif reprimanded his men severely and prepared to go in
search of him with 12 men. But when they were only a short distance from the
house, they were met by Tyrker, whom they received with great joy. Leif saw
at once that his foster-father was not in his right senses. Leif said to him,
"Why were you so late, foster-father, and why did you part from the others?"
At first he spoke in German for a long time, and rolled his eyes, and twisted
his mouth when they did not understand what he said. After some time he spoke
in the Norse tongue: "I did not go much farther, and yet I have discovered
something new, I have found vines and Grapes."
In the morning Leif said, "We will now divide our labors, and each day we
will either gather vines and grapes or cut trees to obtain a cargo for my ship."
This advice was followed. It is said that their after-boat was filled with
grapes. When spring came, they made ready and sailed away, And Leif gave the
land a name in accordance with its products, and called it VINLAND.
Have a Happy Leif Erikson Day. The above is excerpted from the earlier
Greenlander's Saga.
Dave
|
53.12 | Leif Erikson statue in Boston | MLTVAX::SAVAGE | Neil @ Spit Brook | Mon Oct 16 1989 16:08 | 14 |
53.13 | Bass River, Cape Cod=Vinland? | OSL01::MAURITZ | DTN(at last!)872-0238; @NWO | Wed Oct 18 1989 10:22 | 15 |
| Many years ago (I think in the late 50's) I had a book titled "The
Vikings on Cape Cod" written by (you won't believe it) Fredrik Pohl.
He used the exact geographical desciptions from the sagas and
calculated that Leif & the boys wintered on Bass River on the Cape.
He actually managed to organize a dig, found some "evidence" (though
not really hard evidence) but was unable to continue with the dig
as the property was part of a real-estate development for houses
and they wanted to get on with the job.
I regret that I don't have the book any more. does anyone know
anything about it? Anybody heard whether Fredrick Pohl did any later
work on this topic?
Mauritz
|
53.14 | Vikings return to Vinland | TLE::SAVAGE | | Thu Sep 12 1991 13:44 | 27 |
| Copied from lead article in _At the Bay Campus_, the University of
Rhode Island, Grad, Sch. of Oceanography newletter for Alumni and
friends:
Leif Eiriksson and his Viking Crew sailed 5,300 miles across the
Atlantic in seach of Vinland (a place where grapes grew in abundance)
landing here 1,000 years ago. This month, the descendents of the
historic crew, under the command of Ragnar Thorseth, will return via
the same route used by Eiriksson. But this time, they'll be promoting
global environmental responsibility.
Captain Thorseth is sailing an exact replica of a Viking longship
[Gaia] which was found preserved in the blue clay of the Norwegian
coast. This voyage reflects the Norwegians' concern about world
environmental problems and is jointly sponsored by the Norwegian and
Icelandic governments and Royal Viking Lines.
Thorseth has rowed across the North Sea, visited the North Pole, and
sailed the Viking ship _Saga Siglar_ around the world. Modern-day
_Gaia_, equipped with modern navigational equipment, is also carrying
David Lomax, a BBC journalist who is filming a documentary entitled
"The Hunters and the Homeseekers."
_Gaia_ set sail on May 17 from Bergen and will stop in Iceland,
Greenland, and Canada before coming to the United States with visits to
Boston (Sept. 11), Newport and the Graduate School of Oceanography
(Sept. 20-23), New York City (Sept. 23) and Washington, D.C. (Oct. 9)
|
53.15 | "Vikings in America" | RTOEU::CLEIGH | Keine Ahnung | Thu Apr 16 1992 11:32 | 11 |
53.16 | Leif introduced 'steamers' into Europe | TLE::SAVAGE | | Fri Oct 30 1992 13:14 | 66 |
| From: clarinews@clarinet.com (UPI)
Newsgroups: clari.news.interest,clari.news.europe,clari.tw.science
Subject: Danes claim mollusk discovery proves Vikings discovered America
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 92 14:39:34 PST
COPENHAGEN, Denmark (UPI) -- Danish scientists Tuesday said they have
found hard evidence, in the form of a small mollusk, to prove claims in
old Norse sagas that Vikings discovered the Americas 500 years before
Christopher Columbus.
"There's no doubt. Columbus was 500 years late. The Vikings
discovered, landed on and traded with the American continent hundreds of
years previously," said Kaj Strand Petersen, scientific head of
Denmark's Geological Survey.
Petersen, a group of archaeologists and scientists made their claim
following the discovery of large numbers of fossils of the Mya Arenaria
or American soft-shell clam in geological layers in Skagen, the
northwestern tip of Denmark.
"We were studying the various layers and deposits around Skagen. One
of the mollusk samples played back at AD 1245," he added.
Carbon 14 and accelerator mass spectrometry tests were used to date
the sample of the Mya Arenaria mussel. They are the most precise methods
available to scientists, and can date material to within a decade.
Petersen said that Mya Arenaria has its natural habitat only on the
American east coast, from New York upwards. Zoologists have determined
that its larvae could not have spread spontaneously to Europe and it can
only have been brought to Europe by man.
The Danish claims seem to verify accounts in handwritten Viking saga
texts of the discovery in AD 1000 by Leif The Happy of a country he
called Vinland or Wineland. But the evidence came as no surprise to saga
researchers.
"We have known for ages that the Vikings discovered America. Apart
from the fact that we have the documentary evidence of the sagas,
archaeologists have also found settlements in the north that we are sure
could only be viking settlements," said Marianne Overgaard, researcher
at the Arnamagneanske Institute for saga research.
"The Vikings left the Americas because they found the natives and
lifestyle inhospitable, but they were the first to colonize the place,"
she concluded.
According to the sagas, the Norse navigator Leif Ericsson, son of
Eric the Red, set foot on America for the first time in the year AD
1000. The new discovery in Denmark suggests that Leif and the Vikings
who came after him not only provisioned wheat and local beverages, but
also clam.
"Mya Arenaria probably survived in the bottom of the Viking
longboats where it had been kept in water to survive as food, and found
its new home in Europe when the Vikings washed out their vessels after
their long journey," said Petersen.
Until this week's Danish discovery, Mya Arenaria was believed to have
been brought to Europe by English or French colonizers who brought the
American soft clam back to Europe around 1542 or 50 years after Columbus
reached the New World.
"That myth is now definitively cracked," said Petersen.
The Vinland Saga recounts that Leif Ericson was born in Iceland 970,
but moved to Greenland in 986. In 999 he visited the Norwegian King Olaf
Tryggvason, but on his way home his vessel was blown off course and he
landed near present-day Nova Scotia.
From that area he is said to have explored the coastline further
south. Eirik's Saga says of the Viking expedition to America, "Leif set
sail when he was ready; he ran into prolonged difficulties at sea, and
finally came upon lands whose existence he had never suspected. There
were fields of wild wheat growing there, and vines, and among the trees
there were maples. They took some samples of all these things."
On his return to Iceland where he died in 1020, the sagas say that
Leif The Happy's tales of rich fields and succulent vines inspired other
Viking expeditions to America from Greenland and Iceland in the
following years.
|
53.17 | Did Columbus have prior knowledge of the Western Hemisphere? | TLE::SAVAGE | | Mon Nov 01 1993 15:52 | 136 |
53.18 | More on the voyage of Bjarne Herjulfson in 986 AD | TLE::SAVAGE | | Wed Dec 15 1993 14:14 | 46 |
| From: oddms@eik.ii.uib.no (OddMagne Sekkingstad)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: Re: The Vikings!
Date: 15 Dec 1993 03:25:14 GMT
Organization: Institute of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway
The British researcher Dr. G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, ah studied all the
details of Bjarne's account after they turned around and started the
voyage home, and has offered the following interpretation:
"After sailing one <<do"gr>> to the north, they reached a flat land
that seems reminiscent of the area of Cape Cod on the American east
coast. It is important to note in this context that a do"gr refers not
to time, but to a distance of 144 nautic miles. They kept the land
behind them on the port side, and continued on a northeasterly cource
for two do"gr (288 nautical miles) across the Gulf of Maine. Here they
discovered a new land (Nova Scotia), that was hilly and forested. The
wind died down while they where sailing along this coast, and for a
while they were compleatly dead in the water. The men wanted to sail
toward the coast and go ashore. But Bjarne was not interested. He was
not an explorer, and all he owned in this world -a cargo of wares from
Norway- was stored in the hull of his ship. They had already lost a lot
of time. The crew complained that they needed both water and wood for
their on board hearth, but Bjarne said they didn't need either.
Then the wind quickened. Unfortunately the saga doesn't specify how
much time they spent sailing by the lands they saw; we are only told
the distance between each. The ship was now in open ocean for 4 do'gr
(576 nautical miles) before they reached a new land that is belived to
have been Newfoundland. They apparently sailed the inner channel,
because the description says that this was an "island land", as opposed
to the two previous ones. There were mountains as well. But Greenland
it was not, so Bjarne decided he did not whant to go ashore.
They headed out to sea on a southwesterly wind that increased in
strenght to a gale gale force storm. The ship was going so fast that
Bjarne ordered the sail reefed. This was done with help of ropes sewn
into the sail. For a while Bjarne was afraid they would lose rigging
entirely, so this must have been quite a storm......"
All in all Bjarne used something like two to three weeks after turning
back from the American coast.
--
Odd-Magne
|
53.19 | How Durham NH celebrated the 993rd anniversary | TLE::SAVAGE | | Wed Oct 09 1996 14:41 | 44
|