Conference smurf::civil_war

    
    (Late)
    
    	Oct. 1st: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and generals
    		  J.E. Johnston, G.W. Smith and P.G.T. Beauregard meet
    		  to discuss the future of their army in Virginia and
    		  its strategies.
    
    	Oct. 3rd: Lincoln approves a contract for ironclad warships to be
    		  built by John Ericsson. The Confederate government signs
    		  treaties with the Shawnee and Seneca Indians.
    
    	Oct. 5th: The London Post backs the Confederacy in an editorial.
    		  The Times is pro-Union.
    
    	Oct. 6th: Confederate blockade runner Alert is captured off
    		  Charleston, S.C.
    
    	Oct. 7th: After a brief 18-month career the Pony Express comes to
    		  an official end.
    
    	Oct. 8th: Union Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman supersedes Brig. Gen.
    		  Robert Anderson as commander of the Department of the
    		  Cumberland when Anderson suffers a nervous breakdown.
    
    	Oct. 11th: The steamer Theodora evades Federal blockaders and
    		   carries Confederate Commissioner to France John Slidell
    		   and Commissioner to Britain James Mason to Cuba.
    
    	Oct. 13th: U.S. Brig. Gen. Thomas Williams is named commander of
    		   North Carolina. The citizens of Chincoteague Island, Va.
    		   take the U.S. oath of allegiance. Lincoln allows Lt.
                   Gen. Winfield Scott to suspend the writ of habeus corpus
    		   between Bangor, Me. and Washington.
    
    	Oct. 16th: U.S. troops recapture Lexington, Mo. from a small Rebel
    		   garrison.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	The federal cabinet discusses Gen. W. Scott's possible voluntary
    retirement.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer
    
    		 

    
    	Battle of Ball's Bluff. Union Col. Edward D. Baker is ordered by
    Brig. Gen. Charles P. Stone to lead a brigade across the Potomac River
    to Ball's Bluff, Va. The ensuing slaughter of Baker and his troops by
    Brig. Gen. Nathan G. Evans' Rebels is blamed on Stone.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    24th: (Late) Western Union completes the first transcontinental
    		 telegraph. Though frequently broken by Indians, buffalo
    		 and the elements, it is a major leao forward in
    		 communications.
    
    26th: (Early)  Federal troops take Romney, an important post in
    		   western Virginia.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    28th: (Late) Rebel gen. Albert S. Johnston takes over the Army of
    		 Central Kentucky.
    
    
    29th:  In a combined land and sea expedition, U.S. Brig. Gen. Thomas
    	   W. Sherman and Flag Officer Samuel F. Du Pont lead 77 vessels
    	   and 12,000 troops to the Carolinas.
    
    
    				
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    (Late) Nov.1: Washington; General Winfield Scott voluntarily 
    	relinquishes his post as General-in-Chief of United States Army.
    	Scott's decision allows 34-year-old General George Brinton 
    	McClellan to assume control of the Army; President Lincoln and
    	the Cabinet bid General Scott farewell as the aging war hero 
    	makes hiw way to retirement at West Point. There is a great deal
    	of enthusiasm for the younger McClellan, who appears to be
    	eminently suited for the position he now assumes.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: In western Virginia, near Gaulery Bridge and
    	Cotton Hill, Confederates attack General Rosecran's troops.
    	The Rebel force, under the command of General John B. Floyd,
    	clashes with Federals for three days but ultimately withdraws
    	without success.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: General Fre'mont, in Missouri, communicates
    	with General Price's messengers, agreeing to exchange prisoners.
    	This decision is made without Lincoln's authorization and the
    	President later abrogates the arrangement.
    
    	NAVAL: Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, a storm has scattered
    	the Port Royal expedition ships, leaving a badly damaged fleet
    	to make its way to its destination as best it can. The USS Sabine
    	is lost in this heavy weather, the Marines aboard escaping to
    	safety before the vessel goes down.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	Nov 4th: 
    		THE CONFEDERACY: President Davis and General Beauregard
    		continue to disagree over what was appropiate at Manassas,
    		or Bull Run, Virginia. Davis contacts Generals Lee, and
    		Cooper, in order to gain their support for his position
    		as the president is aware of rumors circulating about
    		his administration's ineptitude.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    (Really late!)
    	Oct.31st: 
    	WASHINGTON: General Winfield Scott makes a formal petition to
    	President Lincoln concerning resignation from his position as
    	General-in-Chief of the Union Army. Despite his experience -
    	he is a veteran of both the War of 1812 and the Mexican War -
    	Scott is promoted to this action by his advancing age and
    	personality clashes with younger, ambitious military personnel.
    	Scott convinces Lincoln to grant his retirement request and is
    	succeeded by General McClellan.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Fighting of a minor nature breaks out in 
    	Morgantown, Kentucky with an attack on a Federal encampment by
    	Rebel soldiers. The Union troops are able to withstand this 
    	attack although the Confederates suffer moderate losses.
    	The month ends with no major realignment on the part of either
    	the North or the South; both sides are waiting for spring
    	weather. Fre'mont continues to pursue Price's Confederates in
    	Missouri.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

        Nov. 6th:
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The South holds elections, and the results of
    these prove that Jefferson Davis is a popular and respected a leader
    as when first chosen provisional president.
    	He is elected to a six-year term of office as President of the
    Confederacy and is again joined by Alexander Stephens as
    Vice-President.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Cairo, Illinios sees the departure of a force of
    3500 Union soldiers, under the command of General Ulysses S. Grant,
    which departs for a point near Columbus, Kentucky, on the Mississippi.
    	The troops travel in two gunboats and four other vessels,
    disembarking at Belmont, Missouri, opposite Confederate defenses at
    Columbus.
    	Rebel General Leonidas Polk quickly crosses the river with a force
     of Confederates and pushes the Union troops back into their boats
    which carry them northward again. This inconclusive raid was 
    accompanied by another, similiar, reconnaissance from Paducah, Kentucky
    to Columbus, but neither of these two actions resulted in gain for the
    North.
    	There are casualities, however; Federal losses tally 120 killed and
    383 wounded. The Rebels lose 105, with 494 wounded. The strategic value
    of this operation at Belmont, Missouri is insignificant but does allow
    General Grant to exercise his military capabilities without having to 
    deal with the stresss and danger of a major battle with Confederates.
    
    	NAVAL: The Port Royal operation under Flag Officer S.F. Du'Pont is
    underway, the Union squadron easily evading the relatively weak
    Confederate defenses as it sails into Porty Royal Sound between Forts
    Beauregard and Walker. The ensuing exchange of fire between the Federal
    vessels and the shore batteries sees the Rebels retreat from the two
    fortifications to take up positions further inland.
    	The North loses eight men in the battle, with 23 wounded and 
    Confederate losses are similarly light - 11 killed, 48 wounded, 3
    captured, 4 missing.
    	The Port Royal expedition is considered a success as it places
    Union troops in a strategically critical area between Savannah and
    Charleston, and Port Royal proves to be important as a refueling depot
    for the Federal blockaders operating in the area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In Kentucky, pro-Unionists rise up against Rebel
    troops in the eastern region of the state. The Confederate commander
    in charge there, General Felix Zollicoffer, is obliged to request re-
    inforcements due to the disruption caused by these ardent mountaineer
    Unionists.
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The Port Royal operation causes telegraph offices
    in the South to be beseiged with people wanting information about the
    Union invasion. Newspapers seize the opportunity to promote unity for
    the Cause. The Charleston "Mercury" states, 'Our Yankee enemies will,
    sooner or later, learn to their cost the difference between invaders
    for spoils and power'. Despite this bravado, many civilians fear the
    possible outcome of this military action and hundreds prepare to 
    evacuate the south Atlantic coastal area.
    	INTERNATIONAL: The USS San Jacinto, under the command of Captain
    Charles Wilkes, stops at Havana, Cuba and finds the two Confederate
    commissioners, James Mason and John Slidell, awaiting passage to Europe
    on the British packet Trent. As the Trent sails into open waters in the
    Old Bahama Channel, the San Jacinto forces the British vessel to stop.
    	Wilkes demands that Mason and Slidell be turned over to him. This
    accomplished, the San Jacinto sails to Hampton Roads, Virginia with the
    two commissioners under armed guard. The British captain and crew make
    their way back to Britain with the families of Mason and Slidell still
    aboard the Trent.
    	More immediately it becomes an international cause celebre of such
    magnitude as to provoke the possibility of armed conflict between the
    United States and Britain, and it also creates an incident which the
    Confederacy can use against the Federals.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer
    
    

    
    	WASHINGTON: A celebration in honor of the new General-in-Chief of
    the United States Army, General George Brinton McClellan, includes a
    torchlight parade in the nation's capital. On the Potomac, further
    balloon ascents take place under the direction of Professor Thaddeus
    Lowe.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln calls on General McClellan at his 
    home, waiting to speak with the new commander of the Union Army.
    McClellan retires without acknowledging the President.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The war effort on the home front receives aid from the
    Young Men's Christian Association. A committee known as the US
    Christian Commission will help provide nurses for war hospitals,
    supplies, and various services to the Union forces.
    	INTERNATIONAL: The larger ramifications of the TRENT affair become
    apparent to both the North and South as the USS SAN JACINTO arrives at
    Fort Monroe, Virginia. Slidell and Mason are to be transferred to a
    prison at Fort Warren, in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts.
    	Captain Wilkes, the hero of the hour for his courageous and daring
    action in seizing the Confederate commissioners, is soon to recieve
    more subdued acclaim as the Cabinet and other advisors to the President
    recognize the seriousness of Wilke's action.
    	Not only does this TRENT affair provide the Confederacy with an
    incident which might garner foreign support, it also places relations
    between Britain, France and the United States in a precarious position.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Postmaster General Montgomery Blair speaks out against
    Wilke's action in capturing James Mason and John Slidell. He is joined
    in this protest by Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts; both men
    urge the surrender of the Confederate commissioners.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In order to arrange for a Federal expedition to New
    Orleans, Commodore David Dixon Porter is charged with obtaining and
    provisioning gunboats for the Union.
    	SECESSION: At Hatteras, North Carolina, a convention of pro-Union
    delegates from 42 counties meets and repudiates the order of 20 May
    1861 concerning that state's secession from the Union. The convention
    appoints Marble Nash Taylor as Provisional Governor of North Carolina.
    	In Kentucky, Confederate soldiers convene at Russellville and
    adopt a secession ordinance which results in Kentucky's having two
    state governments, on pro-North and the other pro-secession, just as
    in Missouri.
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The Provisional Government of the Confederate
    States of America convenes in its fifth session at Richmond, Virginia.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: General McClellan reviews some 60,000 troops in the
    nation's capital.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Brief confrontations break out at Butler,
    Missouri. In California, Federal forces begin pursuit of a Confederate
    group, the Showalter Party, and several days later the troops capture
    18 men, including the leader, Daniel Showalter, southeast of Los
    Angeles, California.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Confederate General John B. Floyd pulls his troops
    out of an encampment near Gauley River, Virginia, destroying tents and
    equipment in his quick withdrawal.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Reorganization of the Confederate Cabinet places
    Judah Benjamin in the post of Secretary of War.
    	Benjamin succeeds Leroy Pope Walker in this slot, the latter 
    having encountered a fair amount of criticism for what was considered
    an ineffectual handling of some military issues.
    	The Attorney General's position goes to Thomas Bragg. General Lloyd
    Tilighman is appointed commander of Forts Henry and Donelson on the
    Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. These two positions are strategically
    located and are important to the Confederate defense against invasion
    of the South.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: An engagement begins between Federal batteries at Fort
    Pickens, Florida and Confederates at Forts McRee and Barrancas as well
    as the Pensacola Naval Yard.
    	The Union ground forces are aided by the USS Niagara and USS
    Richmond on the first day of the barrage. There is damage to both sides
    but it proves to be an ultimately inconclusive exchange.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Lincoln and his Cabinet meet to discuss the TRENT
    affair and its significance to the Northern war effort. The two
    Confederate commissioners, Slidell and Mason, arrive in Boston,
    Massachusetts at Fort Warren, on the USS San Jacinto.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Federal troops achieve a foothold on Tybee Island,
    in Georgia. This location on the Savannah River is of great strategic
    importance to the harbor and access to Fort Pulaski, the main
    fortification protecting Savannah from attack.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer
    

    
    	NAVAL: The Confederate Naval Department prepares to convert the
    former USS MERRIMACK, now the CSS VIRGINIA, to an ironclad vessel.
    	The CSS SUMTER seizes a Federal ship while the Union blockade
    succeeds in capturing a blockade runner off the coast of South
    Carolina.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE NORTH: In Wheeling, in western Virginia a convention adopts a
    new state constitution calling for the formation of the State of West
    Virginia after that area's secession from the rest of the state. In
    Boston, Captain Wilkes, the instigator of the TRENT affair, is honored
    for his accomplishments at a special banquet.
    
    	NAVAL: The CSS SUMTER seizes yet another Federal vessel in the
    Atlantic, while at Savannah, Georgia, rebels try without success
    to engage Union ships in fire from Fort Pulaski.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Ship Island, Mississippi is the destination of a 
    Union expeditionary force to be leaving from Hampton Roads, Virginia.
    The intent is to set up a base of operations against New Orleans,
    Louisianna and the general Gulf Coast area.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: The TRENT affair is becoming more serious as word
    of the unlawful seizure of Confederate diplomats reaches Great Britain.
    In London, signs reading 'Outrage on the British Flag' begin to appear.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The Provisional Congress at Richmond formally
    admits Missouri to the Confederacy.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Federal officials in the Port Royal, South
    Carolina vicinity are given authorization by Washington to seize
    agricultural products and slaves. The latter will work for the Federal
    defense of the area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	INTERNATIONAL: In a letter to Great Britain's Minister to the 
    United States, Lord Lyons, the British Foreign Secretary, Lord John
    Russell, communicates Britain's displeasure at the seizure of
    Confederate diplomats John Slidell and James Mason.
    	He further requests that the Union apologize for the seizure and
    release the two diplomats to Britain's jurisdiction. The British Navy
    is placed on alert but is told to avoid any hostilities.
    	Lyons is directed to leave Washington, DC in one week's time if
    there is no satisfactory response to Britain's request for redress
    of the affair.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In a communication to General McClellan, President
    Lincoln questions the new chief about the Army's movement. The
    President is somewhat concerned that little action has taken place.
    He asks of the Army of the Potomac, 'How long would it require to
    actually get it in motion?'
    
    	NAVAL: Successfully preventing the blockade runner ALBION from
    carrying supplies to the Confederates, the United States gunboat
    PENGUIN seizes the vessel and its cargo, which includes armaments,
    various foodstuffs, tin, copper and military equipment valued near
    $100,000.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The Thirty-Seventh Congress meets in the nation's
    capital for its regularly scheduled session. The mood here is a less
    positive one than it had been in July when the Congress last met.
    There is continued concern over repercussions stemming from the TRENT
    affair and there are some who feel that the Army in Virginia ought to
    have made an offensive prior to the coming of winter. In general,
    there are criticisms of Lincoln's current military plans which are made
    up of a three-fold strategy: the plans call basically for the re-
    accession of Tennessee to facilitate the position of the Army in the
    heart of the Confederacy; taking control of the Mississippi River and
    focusing on the eastern theater of war, especially between Richmond,
    Virginia and Washington, D.C.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Federal General Henry Halleck is authorized to
    suspend the writ of habeas corpus in the area commanded by the
    Department of the Missouri.
    
    	NAVAL: Newport News, Virginia is the setting for a naval skirmish
    between four Union gunboats and the Confederate vessel PATRICK HENRY.
    As a result of the exchange, the PATRICK HENRY sustains considerable
    damage.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln makes his State of the Union address
    to Congress. In his message the chief executive stresses that 'the
    Union must be preserved, and hence all indispensable means must be
    employed'.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Ship Island, Mississippi the first of the
    troops in General Butler's expedition to the Gulf Coast area are
    landed. The Federal steam-ship CONSTITUTION carries this initial
    offensive force, made up of the 26th Massachusetts regiment and the
    9th Connecticut regiment.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer
    

    
    	WASHINGTON: Another Federal office holder, Senator John
    Breckenridge of Kentucky, is expelled from his position, in this case
    by a vote of 36-0. Formerly Buchanan's Vice-President, Breckenridge
    had joined the rebel Army in November after exhausting all
    possibilities for the negotiation of peace between the two opposing
    forces.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: General Henry Halleck authorizes the arrest
    of any persons found helping the pro-secessionist movement in
    St. Louis, Missouri. Those arrested for aiding the enemy are to be
    executed by the military.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: Britain's Queen Victoria issues a statement
    prohibiting any exports to the United States including armaments
    or materials for their production.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer
    

    
    	WASHINGTON: Congress considers several bills which would abolish
    slavery, particularly in territory 'in rebellion'. The Secretary of
    War reports that the regular army has 20,334 men, and volunteers total
    640,637. Naval Secretary Gideon Welles shows that the Federal Navy
    tallies 22,000 sailors and marines.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The Potomac River Dam Number Five is the site of a
    small clash between Federals and Rebel soldiers.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Further military activity takes place as a group
    of Confederate troops takes Glasgow, Missouri.
    
    	NAVAL: In a move to prevent the Confederate evasion of the
    blockade, the USS SANTIAGO de CUBA stops the English ship EUGENIA
    SMITH. The Union vessel, under the command of Daniel Ridgely, succeeds
    in seizing J.W. Zacharie of New Orleans, Louisiana. Zacharie is a 
    known Confederate purchasing agent and this incident serves to increase
    the agitation engendered by the TRENT affair.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: The Northern whaling industry is now affected by the 
    conflict; the CSS SUMTER seizes the whaler EBEN DODGE in Atlantic
    waters.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: To replace John Breckenridge as Senator from 
    Kentucky, Garret Davis is elected. As a result of criticism and debate
    over military defeats such as that at Ball's Bluff, the United States
    Senate calls for the establishment of the Joint Committee on the
    Conduct of the War. In a vote of 33 - 3, the approval of this committee
    paves the way for a series of investigations and interrogations which
    are uneven, though useful, in terms of resulting reports.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY:  Along the southern Atlantic coast, plantation
    owners burn their cotton crops to prevent confiscation by the Union.
    Seizing every opportunity to enlarge upon the significance of such
    acts and the threats posed by the anticipated Union advance, the 
    Charleston, North Carolina COURIER asserts that by destroying the
    cotton, planters prevent the North from enjoying 'the extensive spoils
    with which they have feasted their imagination, and the obtainment of
    which was one of their chief objects'.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Missouri remains the scene of brief and minor
    encounters between the Union and the Confederacy. Union Mills, Missouri
    witnesses skirmishing and in the Indian Territory, pro-South forces
    made up largely of Indians, push pro-Union Creek Indians out of the
    vicinity of Chusto-Talasah, or Bird Creek, later to be known as Tulsa,
    Oklahoma. The Confederate efforts are soon briefly discontinued
    however, due to a shortage of adequate provisions and to the tenacity
    of the Creeks.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The proposal which will set up the Joint Committee on
    the Conduct on the War is approved by the Federal House of
    Representatives.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The Congress of the Confederacy admits Kentucky
    to the rebel's jurisdiction as their thirteenth state. This despite
    the sentiment of a majority of Kentucky's citizens against such a move.
    The tenure of Kentucky in the Confederacy is short-lived; barely one
    month later, the rebel forces have virtually relinquished claim on
    that state, preferring to try to hold Tennessee.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Charleston, South Carolina is ravaged by fire,
    and half of the city is destroyed, including much of the business
    district. Such an occurrence does psychological damage to the
    Confederacy, as Charleston is an important center of operations in
    the South. Combined with the Hilton Head Island occupation by Union
    troops and the relatively effective Federal blockade, the fire proves
    to be extremely fortuitous to the North.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Heavy fighting breaks out at Camp Allegheny,
    Buffalo Mountain, in western Virginia. Union troops under General
    R.H. Milroy attack the rebel encampment. Casualities in the Federal
    camp total 137, causing the force to fall back to Cheat Mountain.
    	The Confederates suffer heavy losses (146 casualities) and they,
    too, retreat to Staunton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	INTERNATIONAL: Britain falls into mourning at the unexpected death
    of Queen Victoria's husband and consort, His Royal Highness Prince 
    Albert. Two weeks previous the Prince had prepared correspondence
    relative to the TRENT affair and ther seizure of Confederate diplomats
    Mason and Slidell; he had recommended a moderate course of action and
    the avoidance of outright hostilities with the United States over the
    affair.
    	Despite this, there remains great apprehension over possible war
    between the United States and Britain.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer
    

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Various military operations of a minor nature
    occur on this day. At Chisolm Island, South Carolina, there is 
    skirmishing, and at Rockville in that state confrontations between
    Union soldiers and Rebels take place.
    	The Union garrison at Hilton Head poses such a threat to Confederates
    at Rockville that the Southerners leave the vicinity.
    	Near Harper's Ferry, General 'Stonewall' Jackson carries out
    maneuvers along the Potomac River with his Confederate troops.
    
    	NAVAL: Savannah Harbor is the scene of efforts by Federals to
    prevent shipping access: seven stone-laden vessels are sunk in the
    harbor at its entrance.
    	On Green River in Kentucky, there is a battle which leaves 10
    Union soldiers dead and 17 wounded. Confederate losses in this
    exchange total 33 killed and 55 wounded.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln and his Cabinet meet to discuss
    the TRENT affair. Meanwhile, Lord Lyons, the British Minister in
    Washington, receives his orders from London concerning Britain's
    demands for Slidell and Mason's immediate release.
    	General McClellan and the President confer at the General's house
    about upcoming military strategy concerning the Union Army.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	INTERNATIONAL: A meeting between United States Secretary of State
    Seward and the British Minister, Lord Lyons, results in an exchange
    of information and terms over the TRENT affair. Lyons explains
    Britain's position and gives the United States seven days in which to
    respond to those demands.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: In the shipping lanes off Charleston, North Carolina,
    sixteen outmoded whaling vessels are sunk in order to prevent access
    to the city harbor by blockade runners. Although the Union efforts
    in this respect were often repeated, they were of only limited
    effectiveness overall.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: The British Navy sends two ships to Canada in order
    to have forces in readiness if the TRENT affair should necessitate
    formal military action against the United States.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Further meetings between Lord Lyons and Secretary of
    State Seward result in a communication several days to Lord Russell,
    British Foreign Minister. In this letter, Lyons asserts: 'I am so
    concerned that unless we give our friends here a good lesson this time,
    we shall have the same trouble with them again very soon....Surrender
    or war will have a very good effect on them'.
    	It appears that there is, in fact, some sentiment in favor of a
    stepped-up confrontation between the two countries, although Britain
    continues to exhibit restraint in the matter.
    	The Confederacy's attitude is one of hopeful anticipation,
    newspapers in the South promoting the possibility of armed conflict
    between the United States and Britain, and commenting on its favorable
    effects for the Confederacy.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Once again, Lord Lyons requests the surrender of
    Slidell and Mason in a communication with Seward.
    	The Cabinet meets with President Lincoln to discuss the matter
    further.
    	After the latter conference, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner
    counsels the President on the advisability of releasing the two
    Confederate commissioners.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In the Federal capital, Congress passes duties on
    such luxury items as coffee, tea, sugar and molasses.
    	At the War Department orders are given which suspends enlistment
    of cavarly soldiers.
    	The President prepares for a full Christmas day, with expected
    meetings between members of the Cabinet and himself over the
    TRENT affair.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Although the President and Mrs. Lincoln entertain
    guests for Christmas dinner, a decision concerning the disposition
    of Mason and Slidell is the focus of the day. The decision is to 
    be forthcoming within the next 24 hours.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The fighting continues at Cherry, in western
    Virginia, and near Fort Frederick, Maryland.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The United States agrees to surrender Confederate
    commissioners James Mason and John Slidell into the keeping of
    Great Britain. After many meetings the Cabinet acknowledges the
    seizure of the diplomats as illegal and terms the action a
    misunderstanding on the part of Captain Charles Wilkes. Lord Lyons
    receives the statement made by United States officials, and
    Secretary of State Seward orders the men released from their
    incarceration at Fort Warren, in Massachusetts.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: St Louis, Missouri is placed under martial
    law, a ruling which also extends to all railroads in that state.
    General Henry Halleck gives this order, which is unpopular at best.
    Clashes between pro-Union Creek Indians and Confederates occur at
    Christenahlah in Indian Territory. The retreating Creeks flee to
    Kansas after suffering extensive losses.
    
    	NAVAL: Union blockaders are attacked by a small group of
    Confederate vessels at the mouth of the Savannah River. Despite its
    intent, the Rebel offensive succeeds in dislodging the blockade
    only temporarily.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Skirmishes break out at Hallsville,
    Missouri and a clash between rebels and Union soldiers, under the
    command of General Benjamin Prentiss at Mount Sion, Missouri results
    in the dispersion of the 900 Confederates who had been stationed
    there.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: In Missouri, Jeff Thompson's rebels
    continue to be active against pro-Union forces in that state.
    The Rebels there fight forces in Commerce and also attempt an
    attack against the steamer CITY OF ALTON.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	INTERNATIONAL: James Mason and John Slidell are transferred to
    the custody of Lord Lyons, the British Minister to the United
    States.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln, due to the fact that General
    McClellan is ill, contacts General Halleck in Missouri. The
    chief executive is concerned that the Union Army seems to lack
    direction and focus. He asks Helleck, 'are General Buell and
    yourself in concert?' hoping that the Western Department will be
    pressed into action of some sort.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: At Fort Pickens, Florida, Union troops fire
    on Confederate batteries at Pensacola. At Fort Barrancas there is
    a similiar exchange of fire. The Port Royal area in South Carolina
    witnesses skirmishing as Federals continue their move to establish
    a permanent base at this important South Atlantic Coastal location;
    this latter conflict results in Rebel batteries being pushed out of
    their positions on Port Royal Island, South Carolina.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: While skirmishes at Dayton, Missouri, cause
    some extensive damage to that town, General Halleck receives
    communications from Washington concerning the Army's inactivity.
    Halleck is encouraged to advance with his own troops, as well as
    with forces under General Buell, on Nashville, Tennessee and
    Columbus, Kentucky.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: James Mason and John Slidell, the two Confederate
    commissioners seized on the TRENT and now released by the Union
    government, board a British Schooner off Provincetown, Massachusetts
    in the first leg of their journey to England.
    	The British vessel RINALDO will take the two men to London where
    they will continue their interrupted attempt to gain recognition and
    support for the Confederacy. With their departure, the TRENT affair,
    which caused so much consternation in Washington, D.C. and which
    carried with it the possibility of a serious conflict between the
    British and American governments, is effectively closed.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The Confederate president, Jefferson Davis,
    expresses worry over the Union presence on Ship Island, Mississippi.
    In a letter to that state's governor, the president says that the
    troops stationed at Ship Island have planned an offensive which
    'no doubt, is intented against Mobile or New Orleans'.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: There is some movement of Union troops in
    Virginia as General Jackson's forces leave Winchester. The object
    of this winter march, termed the Romney Campaign, is the destruction
    of the lines of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the dams along
    the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. There is skirmishing at Big Bethel,
    Virginia as the Union troops seize the town and Confederates fall
    back, evacuating the area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The operations around Hancock, Maryland continue
    unabated as Confederate troops try to rout the Federals who have
    retreated to this position. The Rebel batteries are located at
    positions along the Potomac River.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: There is growing sentiment in official circles
    against General McClellan as he appears to be reluctant to commit
    troops to any concerted action.
    	Accordingly, a group of senators approach President Lincoln with
    the suggestion that McClellan be replaced. Lincoln rejects this 
    proposal, and in like concern over what seems to be a general lack
    of intent, the President communicates with General Buell, who is
    positioned in Kentucky.
    	The President makes strong recommendations that the Union forces
    advance in order to provide support for 'our friends in East
    Tennessee'.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The troops which have been positioned at Hancock,
    Maryland are now directed away from the vicinity of the Potomac,
    moving toward Romney, Virginia.
    	A result of this is skirmishing between Federals and Rebel soldiers
    at Blue's Gap, Virginia, where Colonel Dunning's Northern troops rout
    Confederates and seize two of their cannon.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: It is a matter of intense concern to the President
    that neither General Buell nor Halleck have responded to the
    administration's urging that the Western troops advance.
    	Lincoln discusses the issue with General McClellan who continues
    to recuperate from probable typhoid fever.
    	The United States Congress is absorbed by discussions of the
    slavery problem, petitions being submitted which would curtail or
    terminate that institution. Some measures suggested include the
    possible colonization of former slaves elsewhere in the world;
    reimbursing owners for the loss of property; emancipation of slaves
    and various combinations of all these solutions.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Cairo, Illinois, General Grant's troops make
    preparations for an expedition into Kentucky by way of the Mississippi
    River. Near Prestonburg, Kentucky Union forces under General Garfield
    clash with Humphrey Marshall's Confederates at the forks of Middle
    Creek. The result of this encounter is not completely decisive; both
    sides retreat and feel that they have defeated the other.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Romney, Virginia is evacuated as General Jackson's
    troops push into the vicinty of western Virginia. The town is taken
    over by Confederates who will camp there during the cold weather.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: After considerable difficulty with the War Department's
    adminstration, President Lincoln accepts the resignation of Simon
    Cameron as War Secretary. As a conciliatory gesture, Lincoln suggests
    appointing him to the post of Minister of Russia. While Cameron and
    his department have been under considerable criticism for fraudulent
    actions and general incompetence, there has been little actual evidence
    that Cameron himself is a corrupt individual.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The Northern Navy carries 15,000 troops under the 
    command of General Ambrose Burnside to the Atlantic coast near North
    Carolina. Commodore Louis Goldsborough is in charge of the naval
    squadron consisting of approximately 100 ships. These forces will
    augment the troops which have already established a firm hold in the
    Port Royal environs, causing further threat to Confederates in that
    area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: To fill the position in his Cabinet vacated by
    Simon Cameron, the President chooses Edwin Stanton. He was the
    Attorney General in Buchanan's administration and now a lawyer in
    the nation's capital.
    	In a continuing effort to spur General Buell and General Halleck
    to action in the West, President Lincoln writes both men, stating
    his wish to press the Confederacy, 'menacing him with superior forces
    at DIFFERENT points, at the SAME time'.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Edwin Stanton receives the Senate's approval and
    becomes Lincoln's Secretary of War. Stanton is an anti-slavery man
    and is a personal friend of General McClellan.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Grant moves into the Kentucky-Tennessee
    area as gunboats on the Tennessee River reach toward Fort Henry.
    	Both the naval and land forces work in tandem for a period of
    10 days, pressing further into Confederate territory, gathering
    information about enemy positions.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Confederate troops under General Felix Zollicoffer
    are positioned north of the Cumberland River despite General
    Crittenden's orders to the contrary.
    	This arrangement proves later to be an unsatisfactory one. Union
    troops are said to be pushing forward toward this Rebel encampment.
    
    	NAVAL: Cedar Keys, Florida sees the burning of blockade runners,
    as well as dockside property, by the Federal Navy.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: General Charles Smith attacks the area around Fort Henry
    on the Tennessee River.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Union troops are beginning to close in on
    Confederate troops at Mill Springs and Somerset on the Cumberland River
    in Kentucky.
    	General Crittenden's troops should be partially protected by
    Zollicoffer's soldiers, but they are not because of the latter's
    careless positioning of his men north of the Cumberland River.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Rebels are defeated at Mill Springs, Kentucky by
    Northern soldiers in a battle that claims 39 Union lives, wounds 207,
    amd totals 15 Federals captured. The Southern forces indicate 125
    killed, 309 wounded, and 99 missing.
    	Due to Zollicoffer's poor strategy, the Rebels are obliged to
    retreat across the Cumberland River when Union General Thomas' men
    force them to fall back. Zollicoffer is killed in this battle; 
    Crittenden, as senior officer, is castigated for having lost control
    of the positioning of troops.
    	This exchange is perhaps most significant because the Rebel defeat
    means a gap in the Confederate line of defense in the Tennessee -
    Kentucky area. This clash proves invaluable to the North, as it enables
    the capture of 10 cannon, 100 wagons, over 1000 horses and a large
    number of boats as well as munitions and provisions.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: Federals attempt to disrupt Rebel blockade running by
    sinking stone-laden vessels in the harbor at Charleston, South 
    Carolina. Off the coast of Alabama, a Confederate ship trying to
    run the Union blockade is halted; running the J.W. WILDER ashore,
    Federals make an effort to board the vessel but are prevented from
    doing so by Rebel troops in the area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Union forces under General McClernand return
    to the Columbus, Kentucky vicinity. Although this group of about
    5000 men had only minimal contact with the Rebels, their presence
    served to alert the Confederacy as to the strength of the Federal
    army in the area; in this respect it was a significant operation.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The Port Royal force poses an important threat
    to Roanoke Island near Hatteras Inlet, South Carolina. The Union troops
    under General Burnside are gathering strength and it is thought that,
    by naming General Henry Wise to the Rebel command on Roanoke, the 
    Federals may be deterred from seizing yet another position in
    Confederate territory.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Martial law in St. Louis provides for seizure
    of pro-South property in the event that its owners have refused to 
    support pro-Union fugitives. General Halleck, who has strengthened
    these martial law orders, allows for the arrest of persons attempting
    to subvert the law.
    
    	NAVAL: Another group of stone-laden ships is sunk in Charleston
    Harbor to prevent Confederate shipping. A clash between Union blockades
    and the Rebel vessel CALHOUN near the mouth of the Mississippi River
    results in that vessel being taken by the North. The following day two
    more Confederate ships are run aground and burned as they try to slip
    away from Federals at this Mississippi point near the Southwest Pass.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: After months of delay and frustration, President 
    Lincoln issues GENERAL WAR ORDER NUMBER ONE: 'that the 22nd of February
    1862, be the day for a general movement of the Land and Naval forces of
    the United States against the insurgent forces'.
    	The President does this only after exhortations by military and
    civilian advisors and in the hopes that the forces will come to some
    conclusive action with Confederates.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	THE NORTH: In a brief ceremony at Greenpoint, Long Island, the
    ironclad MONITOR is launched. John Ericsson, the Swedish-born designer
    of this ship and others like it, states that such a vessels are
    critical to the Northern efforts and 'will admonish the leaders of the
    Southern Rebellion that the batteries on the banks of their rivers will
    no longer present barriers to the entrance of the Union forces'.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: The two Confederate commissioners from the TRENT
    affair, James Mason and John Slidell, arrive in England after their
    delayed voyage is completed.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Another statement, the President's "SPECIAL WAR ORDER
    NUMBER ONE", is issued in the Federal capital ( this special order
    supplemented Lincoln's "GENERAL WAR ORDER NUMBER ONE" of 27 January
    1862 ).
    	Lincoln hopes to press the Army of the Potomac to confront 
    Confederates in Virginia as the Union troops are told to take
    possession of 'a point upon the Railroad South Westward of what is
    known as Manassas Junction'.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: In Britain, Queen Victoria makes known once more
    the position of nuetrality being observed by her country in the matter
    of the United States Civil War.
    	This statement does little to encourage the Confederacy, which 
    hopes for support from European powers and which is now experiencing
    further doubts and diminished expectations as Federal forces seem to
    gather strength on all forms.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Cairo, Illinois sees preparations for an
    expedition under General Grant. This campaign will aim for the seizure
    of Fort Henry, a Confederate position on the Tennessee River.
    	General Halleck, in St. Louis, Missouri has approved of this
    movement and Grant's troops are now readying for the upcoming action.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln communicates with General McClellan,
    who continues to disagree, both in public and private, with the chief
    executive. The two men have different preferences for the disposition
    of the Virginia forces: Lincoln favors a direct overland movement, his
    General-in-Chief wishes to land troops on the coast and then march
    inland to the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Grant's operation to Fort Henry gets
    underway as a Federal fleet moves up the Tennessee River and tranports
    head for Paducah, Kentucky from Cairo, Illinios.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: At Southhampton Harbor, in England, the Confederate
    steamer NASHVILLE prepares to leave port for the United States. A
    Federal gunboat, the TUSCARORA, sets off to capture the Southern
    vessel. Such an action is prevented, however, by the British ship HMS
    SHANNON.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Confederate House Delegates at the Capital in
    Richmond, Virginia enter into a debate concerning free blacks'
    enlistment in the Southern Army.
    	The EXAMINER, a Richmond newspaper, exhorts citizens to support
    the Cause by re-enrollment in the Army and a stronger commitment to
    the struggle between the North and South.
    	Some observers are worried that Southerners are becoming tired and
    are 'not sufficently alive to the necessity of exertion'.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Grant's force is scheduled to open its
    attack on Fort Henry on the Tennessee River within 24 hours.
    	General Charles Smith's men seize an evacuated Fort Heiman near
    Fort Henry, establishing Union troops there.
    	Meanwhile, 3000 Confederates under General Lloyd Tilighman prepare
    as best they can for the upcoming attack on Fort Henry.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The Confederate position at Fort Henry is
    attacked by Federals. The Southern General Tilighman removes the bulk
    of his troops from the fort and remains behind with a handful of men
    to try to defend the post.
    	At around 11 in the morning the Union forces strike, shelling the
    fort from gunboats. The troops at the fort respond with their
    artillery, striking both the ESSEX and the CINCINNATI; by 2 that 
    afternoon the battle is over as the Confederate guns are destroyed by
    Union fire.
    	Tilighman surrenders 78 soldiers and 16 hospital patients to Flag
    Officer Andrew Foote. Southern losses tally at 5 killed, 11 wounded,
    and 5 missing; the Federals lose 11 men and sustain 31 injuries.
    	The ground troops, some 15,000 strong, under General Grant, arrive
    too late to engage in the fighting. Having sent the major portion of
    his garrison to Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, General
    Tilighman has at least prevented the Union force from easily taking
    immediate possession of the entire area.
    	The Federals move from the vicinity to fortify their vessels as
    Confederate General Bushrod Johnson assumes command of Fort Donelson
    and puts out a request for reinforcements and provisions.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Federal Troops under General Grant himself make
    an expedition to Fort Donelson near Dover, Tennessee, in preparation
    for the upcoming attempt to seize that Confederate position.
    	Conferate troops are ordered into the area as the Kentucky defenses
    further deteriorate.
    	Meetings among Confederate Generals Johnston, Beauregard and Hardee
    attest to the severity of this most recent military development between
    North and South.
    	Roanoke Island sees the advance of General Burnside's forces.
    Commodore Goldsborough succeeds in routing some minor Southern
    positions there, and later in the day Burnside's troops land. On the
    Tennessee River, Union guns destroy two Confederate transports.
    
    
    					The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WASHINGTON: Lincoln confers with General McClellan, asking for
    information about the Department of the West, and for reports on
    vessels sent toward Harper's Ferry on the Potomac River. The President,
    besieged with worry over the nation's military strength, is also filled
    with concern for his son, Willie, who lies ill with typhoid.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The Confederates at Roanoke Island are moved to
    the northern end of their position as General Burnside's 7500 Union
    soldiers attack. Colonel Shaw's Confederates are seriously outnumbered
    and their regular commander, General Henry Wise, is too ill to be in
    charge, necessitating the temporary command of Shaw.
    	The latter makes an attempt to hold the Southern position, but it
    is an exercise in futility. He surrenders after 23 men are killed and
    62 are wounded. The Confederates relinquish 30 guns in this takeover
    and lose an important position on the Atlantic coast, a severe blow to
    the Southern efforts. Union losses in this exchange are totalled at
    37 killed, 214 wounded, 13 missing.
    
    	NAVAL: Two Confederate vessels, the SALLIE WOOD and the MUSCLE,
    are taken by the Federals at Chickasaw, Mississippi. In a follow-up
    of Confederates fleeing the Roanoke Island battle, 13 Union gunboats
    traverse the Pasquotank River in the direction of Elizabeth City,
    North Carolina.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Clean-up operations at Roanoke Island, North
    Carolina are finished, and General Burnside, now firmly established
    at this position, prepares for further campaigning against the
    Confederates in the area of New Berne. 
    	General Grant completes preparations for his troops offensive
    against Fort Donelson.
    
    	NAVAL: Gunboats under Union control meet Confederates at Elizabeth
    City, North Carolina and demolish the remaining vessels in the
    Confederate fleet.
    	On the Tennessee River, Union gunboats capture three Confederate
    vessels while six more are burned by secessionists to prevent their
    falling into Union hands.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The action against Fort Donelson commences as
    General Grant's troops begin to march and General McClernand's Union
    forces move out from their position at Fort Henry.
    	Federal gunboats begin to advance, traveling up the Cumberland
    River. This Union activity provokes the evacuation by Confederates of
    Bowling Green, Kentucky and renders the previously fortified Kentucky
    line defenseless; only Columbus, Kentucky remains relatively secure.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: As Grant's forces of 40,000 encircle the hills
    around Fort Donelson and the town of Dover, Tennessee, the Federal
    gunboats move into position to attack from the river.
    	Confederates at the fort number about 18,000. Further action in 
    the Roanoke Island vicinity results in the possession of Edenton,
    North Carolina by Union forces.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The awaited attack on Fort Donelson occurs.
    The Confederate command has transferred to General John Floyd, whose
    arrival with Confederate reinforcements proves to be ultimately
    useless.
    	The Federal attack from the right and left is led by General C.F.
    Smith and General McClernand, respectively, and Grant soon receives
    further aid from auxiliary troops by the end of the day.
    	Fort Heiman nearby sees some brief action and protions of Bowling
    Green, Kentucky are burned as the Southern evacuation continues.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The War Secretary, with the President's approval,
    issues orders releasing political prisoners who will take the oath of
    allegiance to the United States. A general amnesty is proclaimed for
    all those who comply with the oath and who agree to comply in no
    further aid of the rebellion.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The battle at Fort Donelson in the Cumberland
    River area is expanded by the arrival of four Union ironclads and
    several wooden vessels although the easy victory which Grant
    anticipated is not forthcoming.
    	The Union General sees a temporary withdrawal of this river fire as
    shore batteries threaten serious damage to the Federal vessels. The
    Union ironclads ST. LOUIS and LOUISVILLE are badly hit and rendered
    virtually useless. Flag Officer Andrew Foote, who so ably performed
    at Fort Henry, is wounded in this rain of Southern shelling.
    	Bowling Green, Kentucky is taken by Federals. A meeting of 
    Confederate commanders recommends that Gideon Pillow's forces attack
    the Federal right flank to the south of Fort Donelson.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Fighting continues on the Cumberland River as
    Confederates under General Gideon Pillow attempt to break through
    Federal lines which surround the fort.
    	The Southerners succeed in this effort, providing their troops
    with an escape route toward Nashville, Tennessee. Hesitation on the 
    part of several commanders places the Confederates back at their posts,
    while Grant tries to close the line with the help of Generals Smith
    and McClernand. He is partially successful in this attempt.
    	In Dover, Tennessee, Confederate generals discuss their options:
    surrender seems inevitable but there is resistance from General Floyd.
    In the end, Floyd does leave the battle area with General Pillow,
    placing General Buckner in the position of having to surrender the
    fort.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In a statement which leaves the Southerners no
    room for negotiations, General Grant issues his terms for the 
    disposition of Fort Donelson: "No terms except unconditional and
    immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately
    upon your works."
    	General Buckner is left with no alternative, and so relinquishes
    possession of the military position which had proved to be a costly
    one to hold.
    	Estimates of Southern casualities hover around 1500, and it appears
    that somewhere near 1200 soldiers surrendered. Union troops under
    General Grant show losses of 500 killed, 2100 wounded, and 224 missing
    out of a total fighting force of 27,000. Needless to say, this victory
    of the North is of major importance and proves to be similarly 
    significant a defeat in Southern eyes.
    	Tennessee and Kentucky are lost and the Cumberland and Tennessee
    Rivers are in Union control now. The following day, news of the battle
    reaches Washington, D.C., where there is rejoicing over the outcome.
    The battle proves to be important to General Grant's career - he is now
    promoted to Major General of Volunteers. The Confederacy sees
    disruption throughout Tennessee as civilians attempt to flee the area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The dismissal on the previous day of the
    Provisional Congress of the Confederacy is followed by the initial
    meeting of the First Congress of the Confederate States of America.
    	Structured now as a two-part government, the Congress is
    composed of representatives exclusively from slaveholding states in
    the South, with the exception of Delaware and Maryland.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President and Mrs. Lincoln suffer the tradegy of losing
    their twelve-year-old son, Willie, to typhoid fever. This personal
    stress is compounded by news of fatalities at Fort Donelson; the 
    President seems engulfed by sorrow.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Further pullbacks of Confederate troops result in
    the evacuation of Columbus, Kentucky. In Tennessee, the Confederate
    Governer, Isham Harris, decrees that the state capital will be fixed at
    Memphis as Nashville is in line of Union troop advances.
    	At the latter location, the Southern army is commanded by General
    Albert Johnston to move to a position southeast of the city near
    Murfreesboro. A group of 1000 late arrivals to the Southern defense at
    Fort Donelson is captured by Union troops.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE NORTH: The convicted slave trader Nathaniel Gordon is hanged
    at New York City, the first time the Union has ever imposed this
    punishment.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: A Confederate victory results when the forces
    of General H.H. Sibley attack Union troops near Fort Craig, at
    Valvarde, New Mexico Territory.
    	The Federals under the command of Colonel E.R.S. Canby lose 68 men,
    with 160 wounded and 35 missing out of a total of 3810 men. Southerners
    numbering 2600 suffer 31 deaths, 154 wounded and 1 missing. 
    	The Confederates move toward Santa Fe after seizing six pieces of
    Union artillery.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: After his election to the presidency of the
    Confederacy (up to now he has been provisional president), Jefferson
    Davis' inauguration is held at Richmond, Virginia.
    	In his address to the Confederate nation, Davis says, "We are in
    arms to renew such sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of
    constitutional liberty."
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Harper's Ferry is taken over by General Banks'
    Union soldiers. Near Pohick Church, Virginia, there is minor
    skirmishing between Southern and Northern troops.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Nashville, Tennessee, Buell's Federals take
    over and the Confederate cavalry troops there under General Nathan
    Forrest are pressed to retreat.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Jefferson Davis is given authorization by the
    Confederate Congress to suspend the privilege of habeas corpus. The
    Confederate president issues a call for martial law in both Norfolk
    and Portsmouth, Virginia.
    
    	NAVAL: The Federal ironclad MONITOR leaves its New York harbor
    under sealed orders.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Southerners hold a day of fasting at the request
    of President Davis. In writing to his commander of the Army of Northern
    Virginia, General Joseph Johnston, Jefferson Davis observes that there
    is a need for thoughtful, planned defense.
    	He tells Johnston that 'traitors show the tendencies heretofore
    concealed, and the selfish grow clamorous...at such an hour, the wisdom
    of the trained, and the steadiness of the brave, possess a double
    value'.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Charleston, Virgina is occupied by Federal troops.
    
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Richmond, Virginia witnesses the arrest of John
    Minor Botts for treason against the Confederacy. Botts, a former
    Virginian congressman and avowed neutral, is seized along with thirty
    others, among them the Reverend Alden Bosserman, a Universalist
    minister. The latter has prayed for an end to 'this unholy rebellion'.
    	The Confederate capital is now under martial law, President
    Jefferson Davis placing General John Winder in control of the city.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Beauregard positions troops along the
    Mississippi River while General Henry Halleck directs General Grant
    to take his forces toward Eastport, Mississippi.
    	There are brief clashes between Union and Confederate soldiers at
    Pittsburg Landing, where gunboats have traveled up the Tennessee River.
    They destroy a Confederate battery positioned there by General 
    Beauregard's troops.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Accusations are leveled at General Ulysses Grant
    by General Henry Halleck concerning Grant's tardy appearance during the
    Fort Donelson takeover.
    	Halleck is given permission by President Lincoln to transfer
    General C.F. Smith to command the troops going up the Tennessee River
    out of Fort Henry; it is felt that Grant's recent conduct does not
    warrant his taking responsibility for the upcoming action.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: General Andrew Johnston receives Senate approval as
    the military governor of Tennessee.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: General Robert E. Lee is replaced by General
    John Pemberton as commander of the Confederate Department of South
    Carolina, Georgia and East Florida. Lee has been called to Richmond
    by President Jefferson Davis to assume duties as a military advisor
    in Virginia.
    	The Confederate president runs into problems with various
    congressmen dissatisfied with the defense of the Mississippi River.
    These congressmen demand additional batteries to cover the river
    despite the efforts of Davis' administration to provide the best
    defense possible.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Jackson, Tennessee, General Beauregard takes
    charge of defenses of the Mississippi Valley. Federals begin to 
    position themselves around Savannah, Tennessee as General Johnston's
    Confederates begin a move to prevent the further entrenchments of
    Union forces in the area. General C.F. Smith's Federals at Savannah are
    quickly joined by three gunboats and 80 troop transports.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Fighting continues in Arkansas as Sterling
    Price's Southerners combine with General Van Dorn's forces against
    Union General Samuel Curtis. An attack is imminent, Van Dorn
    positioning his troops just past Fayetteville and Elm Springs,
    Arkansas.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer
    	

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln, in part responding to suggestions
    from various senators, requests the states' cooperation in devising
    ways to abolish slavery. This message to Congress indicates the
    availability of Federal financial funding for aiding emanicipation
    efforts in individual states.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: A proclamation is issued by the Confederate
    Congress concerning the destruction of valauble cotton and tobacco
    crops in the event that Northern troops advance further into Virginia.
    	Military authorities are charged with the responsibility for
    carrying out this disposal of Confederate property if the need arises.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: In Arkansas, near Fayetteville, forces under
    Confederate General Earl Van Dorn clash with Union soldiers under
    General Samuel Curtis. While this fighting is limited, it presages an
    upcoming battle.
    	Van Dorn is anxious to command an optimum position and therefore
    moves his troops to a situation at Pea Ridge, to the right of Curtis'
    encampment.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: McClellan takes the Federal Army of the Potomac
    toward the southwestern region of Virginia where General Joseph
    Johnston's Confederates are encamped at Manassas. The Union soldiers
    are well positioned and are prepared to do battle with the Confederates
    whom they expect to vanquish easily. In Winchester, Virginia, there is
    skirmishing.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: The Federal forces at Pea Ridge, or Elkhorn
    Tavern, Arkansas, are surprised by General Van Dorn's Confederate 
    troops in an attack from the latter's northern position.
    	About 17,000 Confederates, including some Indian troops, make
    valiant attempts to rout the Union soldiers, but the North is
    ultimately victorious.
    	Van Dorn's forces are made up of Missouri state guards under 
    Sterling Price, as well as General McCulloch's division and General
    Pike's troops which are comprised of three Indian regiments.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WASHINGTON: The President and General McClellan discuss plans for
    the Army of the Potomac, and other military advisors concur with
    McClellan's desire to enter Virginia by way of the peninsula southeast
    of Richmond. In GENERAL WAR ORDER NUMBER TWO, the chief executive
    provides for certain of the Union troops to be positioned as defenses
    for the Federal capital during the upcoming campaign, despite the fact
    that this will draw off troop strength from the offensive.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: The battle at Pea Ridge, Arkansas, the most
    significant of Civil War battles in the trans-Mississippi west, sees
    the deaths of both Generals McCulloch and McIntosh, depriving the
    Confederacy of two able commanders.
    	Federals under General Curtis continue to hold out for a second
    day of fighting, which ends as Van Dorn and his men retreat to the
    Arkansas River with orders to leave the state and remove to the 
    Mississippi River to aid in the defense of Confederate positions
    there.
    	The tally of casualities for Southerners shows that the Confederacy
    has lost about 800 men, while the North suffers 1384 dead and wounded.
    
    	NAVAL: In Virginia, at Hampton roads, the ironclad MERRIMACK
    approaches a squadron of Federal vessels, all much less well defended
    and ill-equipped to battle with the heavily armored Confederate ship.
    	In the ensuing encounter, two Union vessels are put out of
    commission - the USS CUMBERLAND and the USS ROANOKE - the USS MINNESOTA
    is heavily damaged. Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan of the MERRIMACK is
    slightly wounded during the fight, though in general, few Confederates
    suffer serious injury. The Union forces suffer a greater number of
    casualities and damage to their ships is especially severe.
    	A Confederate military observer notes, 'Pains, death, wounds,
    glory - that was the sum of it'. Late in the day of the battle between
    the MERRIMACK and these various Federal vessels, the USS MONITOR
    appears in the harbor at Hampton Roads after a difficult journey south
    from New York.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The Confederate army in Virginia under General
    Joseph Johnston moves near a position at Rappahannock Station close to
    the Rappahannock River. Union soldiers under McClellan move out, but do
    not engage rebels in any fighting. They soon return to Alexandria after
    finding only empty camps left behind by Confederates.
    
    	NAVAL: In a battle of special significance to naval warfare, the
    CSS Virginia (Merrimack) and the USS MONITOR clash in the harbor at
    Hampton Roads. Beginning around 9 in the morning, fighting continues
    for nearly two hours until injuries force both commanders to pull back.
    	While the exchange of fire is impressive, there is relatively
    little damage done to either vessel and the battle has no real victor.
    Federals are considered to have a stronger position as the VIRGINIA
    (Merrimack) is unable to easily maneuver elsewhere due to unwieldy
    construction. There is concern that the Confederate vessel may make its
    way to Washington, DC or New York City, but this worry is soon
    dispelled.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In issuing another major military order, WAR ORDER 
    NUMBER THREE, President Lincoln removes General George McClellan from
    his command as General-in-Chief of the Union Armies. McClellan is given
    the Army of the Potomac, and he, along with the other generals, will
    be under the direction of the Secretary of War; no General-in-Chief is
    to be yet appointed.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: After their flight from the military action at
    Fort Donelson, Generals Floyd and Pillow submit reports to Confederate
    President Jefferson Davis. The president does not accept these reports
    and removes both Pillow and Floyd from their commands.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Manassas Junction, Virginia is investigated by
    Union troops, who find little of value left in the wake of retreating
    Confederate soldiers. At Winchester, Virginia, 4600 Confederates are
    under the command of General Jackson who takes his troops southward.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: General Robert E. Lee is given the responsibility
    of overseeing Confederate military positions. Confederate president
    Jefferson Davis does not define the specific nature of this advisory
    post held by Lee.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Meetings between General McClellan and his staff
    provide a clearing house for plans concerning placement of the Army
    of the Potomac. General Johnston is situated near the Rappahannock and
    there is great concern in avoiding direct confrontation there as
    Federals march on Richmond, Virginia.
    	McClellan intends to bring troops to the Confederate capital via 
    the York and James Rivers. McClellan, intent on moving via the
    Peninsula, is warned by President Lincoln's Secretary of War that
    Washington, DC must remain protected, as must Manassas Junction,
    Virginia.
    	General McClellan is told to 'at all events, move such remainder
    of the army at once in pursuit of the enemy'.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Burnside's troops disembark at New Berne,
    North Carolina, on the western branch of the Nuese River.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Skirmishing occurs at Point Pleasant, Missouri,
    leading to the area's capture by General Pope who also provoked the
    evacuation of New Madrid by his military actions. In this move, the
    Confederates abondon large quantities of arms and provisions estimated
    at a value of $1 million.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In a continuing discussion of his position concerning
    slavery, President Lincoln attempts to justify the proposed financial
    compensation to slaveholders. Lincoln feels that such recompense
    'would not be half as onerous as would be an equal sum, raised now,
    for the indefinite prosecution of the war'.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In North Carolina, the town of New Berne is taken
    by General Burnside's 11,000 men, who push General Branch's 14,000
    Confederates out. This position is maintained by Federals for the
    duration of the war, proving an effective point of departure for inland
    expeditions.
    	There are some 600 Confederate casualities after this battle,
    including 64 deaths. Union troops tally 90 killed with 380 wounded.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: The capture of New Madrid, Missouri by General
    John Pope's Federals places the Northern forces in a position which
    will enable them to make an assault on Island Number Ten in the
    Mississippi River. This latter Confederate post defends east Tennessee.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Grant resumes command of field forces
    in Tennessee after General Halleck absolves Grant of charges of
    misconduct at Fort Donelson.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac move
    out on the Peninsular Campaign, heading for the James and York Rivers.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: Jefferson Davis names Judah Benjamin Secretary
    of State. Benjamin has up until now served as War Secretary and has
    been under considerable criticism in that position.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: At Aquia Creek, Virginia, Confederates occupy the
    town.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Albert Johnston's Confederates begin
    arriving in Corinth, Kentucky, from Murfreesboro.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: At Strasburg, Virginia, where
    the day before had seen some action, there is a general pullback of
    Federals as General Jackson's forces advance. At Phillippi, western
    Virginia, there is light skirmishing.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Light fighting takes place
    at Kernstown, Virginia between General Shields' Union soldiers and
    General Jackson's advancing Confederates.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    The result is a tactical defeat for Jackson, as his 4,600 man "army" is
    driven from the field by Shields' 11,000.  Jackson is pleased with the
    performance of the Valley Regiments, despite a subordinate's
    disobeyance of orders at the crucial juncture which cost what could
    have been a victory.  His goal is achieved, though.  Lincoln is
    convinced that Jackson's army is much larger; otherwhise he would
    not dare to attack Shields.  This is the result Jackson had hoped for,
    and the result is that Shields is to remain in the Valley instead of
    marching for Richmond as part of McDowell's northern wing in the
    Penninsular Campaign.  McDowell is also held at Fredericksburg instead
    of advancing, as Lincoln fears for the safety of Washington from
    Jackson's "Army of the Valley".  This gives "Little Mac" cause for
    delay, as Lincoln ties up 40,000 men which were to advance on
    Richmond from the north.  These 40,000 were virtually unopposed, and
    would have guaranteed the fall of the Confederate capital.  Lee, with
    the same foresight as Jackson to Lincoln's fears for the capital,
    sends Jackson reinforcements from the defenses of Richmond.  These 
    will be used far better in the field than languishing in the trenches.
    It is fortunate for the Confederacy that Lee, as Davis' military
    advisor, has the president's complete confidence at this juncture.
    
    Ziff

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: About 9000 Union troops clash
    with 4200 Confederates at Kernstown, Virginia. Skirmishing of the 
    previous day has led the Confederates to assume a smaller force, but,
    although outnumbered, Jackson's troops perform admirably.
    	They retreat, ultimately, after suffering 80 killed, 375 wounded,
    263 missing, compared to Union losses of 118 killed, 450 injured and
    22 missing.
    	This battle is the preliminary to the Shenandoah Valley Campaign.
    Strategically important, the battle provides a diversion important to
    the Southern forces: Lincoln, now fearing an offensive on the Federal
    capital, issues orders that General McDowell's troops remain as part
    of Washington's defense.
    	This means fewer troops for the Peninsular Campaign. In addition,
    this assault at Kernstown suggests the possibility of a threat on
    Harper's Ferry, and General Bank's troops are ordered to return to that
    vicinity rather than join McClellan.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Fort Macon, at Beaufort, North Carolina, is the 
    object of the next move by Burnside's Federals. The following day sees
    General John Parke's soldiers approach Fort Macon and request its
    surrender. The subsequent refusal results in a Union siege of that
    Confederate position.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	SLAVERY: The emancipation issue continues to be one fraught with
    emotion. In Cincinnati, Ohio, the abolitionist Wendell Phillips speaks
    and is greeted with a barrage of eggs and rocks.
    	Lincoln, commenting on the prospect of compensated emancipation,
    notes in a letter to newspaperman Horace Greeley that 'we should urge
    it persuasively, and not menacingly upon the South'.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: State Militia in Missouri clash at Hammondsville
    with Confederate forces; at Warrensburg pro-Unionists confront
    Confederates; the latter are repelled in both cases.
    	In Colorado Territory there is an encounter between Southern
    cavalry and Union forces near Denver City resulting in the capture of
    50 Confederate cavalrymen.
    	In New Mexico Territory, Confederates meet a troop of Union
    soldiers coming toward Santa Fe from Fort Union. There is a fight
    between the two forces at Apache Canyon, resulting in a victory for
    Union troops who fall back to an area near Glorietta.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Brief fighting occurs on the
    Orange and Alexandria Railroad in Virginia over a period of several
    days. Shipping Point, Virginia is occupied by Federal troops.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: The New Mexico Territory sees a major battle
    between North and South at La Glorietta Pass. Union troops under
    Colonel John Slough clash with Confederates under Colonel W.R. Scurry,
    pushing the Federals back.
    	Confederate supply wagons ay nearby Johnson's Ranch are attacked
    by Major John Chivington's men, causing the Confederates to fall back
    to Santa Fe and effectively stopping the Southern invasion.
    	Of 1100 Confederates, 36 are killed, 60 wounded; Union troops
    totalling 1324 lose 31, with over 50 wounded.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: In western Virginia, William
    Rosecrans' command of the Mountain Department is given over to
    General Fre'mont. Middlebury, Virginia witnesses a cavalry charge by
    Union troops in pursuit of a fleeing Confederate detachment.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Albert Johnston pulls the Confederate
    forces together at Corinth, Mississippi; General Beauregard is his
    next in command. Generals Polk, Bragg, Hardee, and Crittenden are
    also there with their troops.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: General John Wool's force
    of 12,000 men at Fort Monroe, in Virginia, is supplemented by General
    McClellan's movement of 12 divisions of the Northern Army of the
    Potomac. In addition, the Federal Shenandoah forces are pushing toward
    General Jackson's position near Woodstock and Edenburg, Virginia.
    
    	NAVAL: Northern troops move, via gunboats, up the Tennessee River
    and Federal forces are able to complete a mission at Island Number Ten
    on the Mississippi River.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln's suggestions about compensated
    emancipation recieve favorable attention in the United States Senate.
    This plan - which would allow Federal support to Northern states
    willing to provide compensation - is intended as a means by which to
    encourage the freeing of slaves. Although proposed by Lincoln it is a
    plan which will never be implemented.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Shiloh, or Pittsburgh Landing, in Tennessee, is
    the goal that General A.S. Johnston's Confederates have in mind as they
    are ordered to move out of the Federal position from Corinth,
    Mississippi. Confederate troops succeed in encircling a portion of the
    2nd Illinois Cavalry at Farmington, Mississippi. The Northern troops
    are able, however, to break through the enemy lines and escape.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: In Missouri, various military actions continue
    as Confederates and Northern soldiers skirmish at Walkersville, and as
    a Union reconnaissance sets out for Jackson, Whitewater and Dallas,
    from Cape Girardeau. Along the Mississippi River, from Cairo, Illinois
    to New Madrid, Missouri, there is a great deal of damage done to 
    various installations as a result of severe tornados.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The United States Senate passes a bill, 29-14 to
    abolish slavery in the District of Columbia. President Lincoln is 
    gravely concerned about the defense of the nation's capital. He finds
    that General McClellan has arranged for the distribution of troops so
    as to provide for less than 20,000 men in the Washington, DC area.
    	Accordingly, the chief executive orders the retention of an 
    additional corps to ensure the safety of the Northern capital; the 
    impact on McClellan's troop strength for the Peninsular Campaign is
    negligible, as McClellan has nearly 112,000 men for his siege of
    Yorktown, to begin the following day.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General A.S. Johnston's Confederates move to
    attack Shiloh, on the Tennessee River, where General Grant's Northern
    troops are encamped.
    	Apalachicola, Florida surrenders to Federal troops.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: The Campaign continues to
    take shape as General McClellan proceeds to bear down on Yorktown.
    The Southern forces are greatly outnumbered; General Johnston's troops
    total around 17,000 as compared to McClellan's enormous Army of the
    Potomac consisting of over 100,000 troops.
    	Much of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia has been shifted
    into position on the Peninsular to afford some increased defense of the
    Southern position there. The Confederate line of defense stretches
    along an eight-mile front; the prospects for the South are not good.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE NORTH: Difficulties over the oath of allegiance to the Union
    occur between the military governor of Tennessee, Andrew Johnston, and
    city officials of Nashville. The result is the suspension of the mayor,
    alderman, and councilmen of that occupied area.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: In a valiant, but seemingly
    futile effort, General Joseph Johnston's troops continue to gather
    reinforcements for the imminent conflict at Yorktown, Virginia.
    	The Confederates are outnumbered by McClellan's stronger and
    larger Army of the Potomac.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Grant's forces continue to be relatively
    unaware of the Confederate troops bearing down on their position at
    Shiloh, in Tennessee.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburgh Landing, in
    Tennessee, comes after several days of Confederate preparations which
    have gone largely unnoticed by Federals.
    	General Grant's troops fall back after several hours, despite the
    fierce defense of their positions at the Hornet's Nest, a defense
    orchestrated by General Prentiss' division. While the initial force of
    Confederates under General Johnston presses General William Nelson's
    Federals to the breaking point, the day ends without any conclusive
    victory for either North or South.
    	The following day sees the destruction of Prentiss' division and
    the concurrent wearing down of Beauregard's troops. The Confederate
    command has been assumed by Beauregard after General Johnston is killed
    on the previous day.
    	Fresh troops from Union General Wallace's division and from General
    Nelson and Crittenden, give Grant's forces the necessary reinforcement
    and bolstering. In like manner, General Beauregard is waiting for
    20,000 men under General Van Dorn, hoping to make another offensive for
    the Confederates; without Van Dorn's forces this is clearly impossible.
    	Unfortunately for the Confederates, Van Dorn's men do not arrive;
    Beauregard orders a retreat to Corinth, Mississippi, leaving Northern
    troops to remain in much the same position they had occupied prior to
    the battle of Shiloh.
    	While it is unclear whether or not the Union has gained a great
    deal from the two-day clash, the Federals have maintained a firm hold
    on positions that they had previously taken, and they also achieve a
    splitting of the Rebel forces along the Mississippi River and an
    evacuation of much of the Confederate force in Tennessee.
    	Losses at the battle of Shiloh total 13,047 for the North; 10,694
    for the Confederates.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	NAVAL: The Federal gunboats CARANDOLET and PITTSBURGH run the 
    Confederate installations at Island Number Ten in the Mississippi
    River near New Madrid, Missouri.
    	Under the direction of General John Pope, troops succeed in cutting
    a canal through the marshy area near the island, thus allowing the
    Federal vessels to go southward around the island and land four
    regiments in Tennessee below the Confederate position on Island Number
    Ten.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Skirmishing occurs at Fernandina, Florida, and in
    Illinois. Union General W.H.L. Wallace succumbs to injuries he received
    at the battle of Shiloh.
    	In the harbor of Savannah, Georgia, Fort Pulaski readies itself for
    an attack by Federals. Commanded by General Quincy Adams Gillmore, the
    Northern assault takes place from a position opposite the fort on Tybee
    Island.
    	The Confederates have about 40 guns but the Federals' long range
    guns and penetrating shells are no match for the masonery fort, which
    sustains heavy damage. The bombardment at Fort Pulaski begins at 8 in
    the morning and continues throughtout the night, the Federal guns at
    Tybee Island being stilled the following day at around 2 in the
    afternoon.
    	Three hundred and sixty Confederates are taken prisoner; one Union
    soldier is killed, as is one Southerner.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In a vote of 93-39, the House of Representatives passes
    a bill which calls for the gradual abolition of slavery in the District
    of Columbia.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In Tennessee, several hundred Confederates are
    captured when the town of Huntsville is occupied by Federals.
    	The Memphis and Charleston Railroad is close by this site and this
    is another example of how the South is slowly losing its grip on
    Tennessee.
    	The Union begins to marshall its forces for a push toward
    Confederate positions in Corinth, Mississippi. General Henry Halleck
    has assumed command of these troops with Generals Buell, Grant and Pope
    directly beneath him.
    
    	NAVAL: At Newport News, Virginia the MERRIMACK, the South's
    ironclad, seizes three small merchant ships but does not engage in
    conflict with the Federal vessel MONITOR, as anticipated. The MONITOR
    has been awaiting the approach of the Confederate vessel, but then
    gives no indication of desiring an actual encounter.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	THE NORTH: James Andrews, a spy for the Union, had led a group of
    21 men through the Confederate lines in order to seize a train on the
    Western and Atlantic Railroad. Taking the locomotive, the GENERAL,
    Andrews and his men head northward, followed by Confederates in the
    locomotive TEXAS. Andrews and his men are caught by the Southern forces
    and are eventually executed, with the exception of 14 who are
    imprisoned.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: General Joseph Johnston sends
    troops to support besieged Yorktown, Virginia. The situation of the
    Peninsular Campaign is still one which bodes ill for the vastly
    outnumbered Confederates.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Fort Pulaski, Georgia is termed a free area by
    General David Hunter, providing for the confiscation and setting free
    of all slaves in the vicinity.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: The evacuation of New Mexico Territory by
    Confederates continues, with Union soldiers pressing Southern troops
    as far as El Paso.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: president Lincoln signs into law a bill which will
    prohibit slavery in the District of Columbia.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: In a culmination of several weeks' preparations,
    President Jefferson Davis gives his approval to a Congressional
    proposal that will require a military draft in the Confederate states.
    	This law states that 'all persons residing within the Confederate
    states, between the ages of 18 and 35 years...shall be held to be in
    the military service'. This action, while believed to be necessary by
    many due to the critical need to upgrade the military strength of the
    Confederacy, is nevertheless a move which is at variance with the
    generally accepted traditions embracing states' rights and rugged
    individualism endorsed by many in the Confederacy.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Confederate attention is focused on the increase
    in military strength of Federal troops at Ship Island, Mississippi,
    which is now supplemented by Union vessels on the Mississippi River.
    	The latter include a fleet under Flag Officer David Farragut and
    Commander David Porter with a mortar fleet. The intention of these
    Union forces is the takeover of New Orleans, Louisiana, which is
    situated in what is rapidly becoming a vulnerable and defenseless
    position upriver.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Northern troops under
    General McDowell occupy Falmouth, Virginia, and at Yorktown, a
    Confederate attack on Union troops is unsuccessful, the latter forces
    pushing the Southern troops back.
    
    	NAVAL: As they had feared, the Confederates are subject to a
    barrage of mortar fire from Federal gunboats.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: In a continuing bombardment of the Fort Jackson and Fort
    St. Philip area, Federal troops attempt to open the river further by
    removing obstructions placed there by Confederates.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: Flag Officer David Farragut orders the Federal fleet on
    the Mississippi River to move past Forts Jackson and St Philip.
    	Due to the inconclusive nature of the recent attacks on these two
    fortifications, it seems appropriate that the North push onward to
    its ultimate goal of New Orleans, Louisianna.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: Farragut's fleet is able to slip past the Confederate forts
    on the Mississippi despite valiant attempts on the part of Southern
    forces to prevent this.
    	The Union force makes it way up-river towards New Orleans.
    Encountering further Confederate resistance in the form of a ram,
    MANASSAS, Federals counter with their own fire, ultimately losing only
    the ship VARUNA and 36 men. The Confederates lose 8 ships and 61 men.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: North Carolina's Fort Macon under Confederate
    Colonel Moses White surrenders to the Federal forces which have been
    besieging it for nearly a month. The next day, formal ceremonies
    relinquish Southern jurisdiction of Fort Macon to Union General John
    Parke, and 400 Confederate soldiers become Northern prisoners-of-war.
    
    	NAVAL: Farragut's forces seize the city of New Orleans, Louisianna,
    which has been left defenseless after Confederate General Mansfield
    Lovell and his 4000 troops withdraw.
    	There is little resistance to the Union takeover by the civilian
    populations, and 4 days later, on 29 April, New Orleans is formally
    surrendered to Federal forces.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: as a result of the capture several days earlier
    of New Orleans, four Confederate forts - Livingston, Quitman, Pike and
    Wood - surrender to the North.
    	At Fort Jackson, to the south, Confederate troops mutiny against
    their own officers and many flee in the face of their impending
    imprisonment.
    	The following day both Forts Jackson and St Philip surrender, 
    totally removing any Confederate resistance to Northern action on the
    Mississippi River as far up as New Orleans.
    	General Benjamin Butler arrives with troops, landing just north of
    Fort St Philip. Butler will see to the management of the captured city
    which is, according to his written observation of several days later, a
    'city under the dominion of the mob'.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In Mississippi, General Halleck is preparing
    to move on General Beauregard's position at Corinth.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Halleck continues to ready his force
    of over 100,000 troops so as to attack Beauregard, whose forces are
    considerably smaller. 
    	Skirmishing breaks out at Cumberland Gap, Kentucky and near
    Bridgeport, Alabama.
    	The conquering Federals at New Orleans post a United States flag
    on the New Orleans Custom House and on the City Hall, much to the
    sorrow and anger of the citizenry.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    Slammer, we miss you and your chronology....let me subsitute for you
    and get us caught up...
    1-may-1862
    EASTERN THEATER: Peninsular Campaign Yorktown, Virginia continues as
    Federals under McClellan prepare to attack. Guns are readied for the
    assault scheduled to begin in several days.
    
    3-May-1862
    EASTERN THEATER: Peninsular Campaign Yorktown, Virginia is evacuated
    by General Joesph Johnston's troops. The enormous force of the Army 
    of the Potomac has overwhelmed the Confederates without a major battle,
    and the Southern troops now move towards Richmond. McMlellan's forces
    have been successful with their siege tactics, and they enter Yorktown
    the following day.
    WESTERN THEATER: Near Corinth, Mississippi, where General Beauregard's
    troops are stationed there is minor skirmishing at Farmington.
    General Halleck's Federals are moving now in the direction of Corinth,
    hoping to arrive there on the following day.
    
    5-May-1862
    Washington: President Lincoln and his Secretaries of War and the
    Treasury, Stanton and Chase, leave the capital. They travel by ship
    to Fort Monroe where they will observe the Federal troops' advance
    into Virginia.
    EASTERN THEATER: Peninsular Campaign...As a result of the Confederate
    evacuation of Yorktown, there is serious fighting between advancing
    Federals and retreating Confederates at Williamsburg. In all, 1703
    Southern soldiers are lost during the encounter which claims 456
    Union troops, with 373 listed as miss
    
    
    Jim

    EASTERN THEATER: Peninsular Campaign...Further clashes occur in the
    Shenondoah Valley; General Franklin's Federals are attacked by General
    G.W. Smith's Confederates who hope to keep the road from Williamsburg
    to Yorktown, Virginia protected. This clash at Eltham's Landing, Vir-
    ginia foreshadows the events of the upcoming week. In order to boost
    morale and to help encourage General McClellan to move on to Richmond,
    President Lincoln visits the Monitor and meets with various military
    officials.
    
    Jim

    EASTERN THEATER: The Battle of McDowell, a major battle of the Shenan-
    doah Valley Campaign, sees General Stonewall Jackson's Confederates 
    repulse an attack by Federals under the command of General Robert 
    Schenk. The Southern troops, numbering around 10,000, fight the 6000
    Union troops. Jackson's forces pursue the fleeing Federals toward 
    Franklin, West Virginia, but continue only for several days, returning
    to the Shenandoah.

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENNINSULAR CAMPAIGN: President Lincoln meets with
    General McClellan, who is advancing slowly toward Richmond, Virginia.
    	The chief executive admonishes McClellan for his difficulties in
    maintaining cooperation between himself and corps leaders. Norfolk,
    Virginia is evacuated by Confederates in a costly move. While they
    destroy much of their supplies and equipment, they still leave a large
    amount of valuable material to the Federals pushing into the area the
    following day.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Hilton Head, South Carolina General David
    Hunter, commander of the Department of the South, frees slaves in
    South Carolina, Florida and Georgia. This move, not given Congressional
    authorization nor approval by President Lincoln, is later repudiated
    by the chief executive. Mississippi is the scene of clashes between
    Confederates and advancing Federals near Corinth. Pensacola, Florida
    is evacuated by Confederates and within three days the Union Army has
    taken hold of the area.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The Federal push to gain further control in
    Virginia continues unabated. Jackson moves in on Franklin, West
    Virginia; Norfolk and Portsmouth are occupied by 5000 Union troops.
    	This operation began by troops landing at Willoughby Point and
    involved, among other things, the burning of the naval yard at Gosport,
    Virginia. President Lincoln is personally involved in this action in
    that he superintends the movement of this Federal expeditionary force.
    
    	NAVAL: At Fort Pillow, Tennessee, on the Mississippi River, a
    Confederate force of eight gunboats attacks seven Union vessels, the
    latter made up of sturdy ironclads. The Confederate flotilla is
    singularly ill-equipped to make this offensive at Plum Run Bend a
    successful one, but Captain James Montgomery commands the Confederates
    in a valiant manner and under his direction the Southern boats succeed
    in sinking the Union ironclads CINCINNATI and MOUND CITY. Despite this,
    the Confederates gunboats are forced, ultimately, to retreat to 
    Memphis, Tennessee after the Union guns disable their ships.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: The Confederate ironclad CSS VIRGINIA, after having
    confronted the Union ironclad MONITOR in a spectacular stand-off on
    9 March 1862, is destroyed by the Confederate navy: The Union troops
    advancing on Virginia have placed the Confederates in a situation
    requiring destruction of a valuable naval vessel, which would otherwise
    revert to enemy hands.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In a reversal of his blockade order, President Lincoln
    issues a proclamation which opens the ports of Beaufort, North
    Carolina; Port Royal, South Carolina; and New Orleans, Louisiana.
    	This order will take effect on 1 June 1862 and will provide for the
    resumption of commercial operations at these formerly Confederate-held
    ports.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: The situation at the Confederate capital of
    Richmond, Virginia assumes crisis proportions in the face of advancing
    Federal troops. As McClellan's Army of the Potomac presses the
    Southerners, President Davis' wife, Varina, joins many others who
    decide to leave the threatened city.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER:  General Jackson prepares to confront Union
    General Nathaniel Banks and his troops at Strasburg, Kentucky, as
    part of his Shenandoah Valley Campaign.
    
    	NAVAL: The Confederate steamer PLANTER is seized in Charleston
    Harbor by eight blacks. They pilot the vessel, which has seven guns,
    out of the harbor. At Natchez, Mississippi Union gunboats under
    David Farragut, take over jurisdiction of the city.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    	The story of the steamer Planter is interesting.  One of the men
    who seized her, Robert Smalls, was a slave deckhand.  One night when
    all the white officers were ashore, Smalls was clowning around in the
    pilot house and put on the captain's straw hat.  Others commented on
    how much he looked like the captain (especially from a distance).  This
    led to a plan for getting the Planter out of Charleston to the Union
    blockading fleet.
    
    	On a later evening, when the officers were again ashore, the crew
    of the Planter picked up their families and took her out past the forts
    with Smalls pretending to be the captain.  They exchanged normal
    signals with Fort Sumter, and after a nervous wait got permission to
    pass.  Once past the fort, they went to full speed and headed out to
    the Union fleet.  The Planter became a U.S. vessel, and Smalls became
    her captain.
    
    MikeR

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Land forces pressing in on
    Richmond, Virginia move closer to the Confederate capital. Nearby,
    General Joseph Johnston's troops are moving back across the
    Chickahominy River. In west Virginia, at Ravenswood and Princeton,
    minor skirmishing occupies Confederate and Federal troops. Major
    fighting breaks out at Drewey's Bluff in Virginia, where Federals
    invading near the Confederate capital deal with gunfire from Fort
    Darling.
    
    	NAVAL: The battle at Drewey's Bluff involves the Northern ironclad
    MONITOR and the gunboat GALENA. the Union force is eventually forced to
    retreat as the Confederate defenses at Fort Darling prove adequate.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In one of his most controversial actions to date,
    General Benjamin Butler at New Orleans, Louisiana issues what is known
    as the 'Woman Order'. The full text of his GENERAL ORDER NUMBER 28 is
    indicative of Butler's complete disregard for convention and his, at 
    times, tryannical attitude toward the citizens of this vanquished city.
    	The order reads, in part, 'As the officers and soldiers of the
    United States have been subjected to repeated insults from the women
    (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans....when any female shall...
    show contempt for the United States, she shall be regarded as a woman
    of the town plying her avocation'.
    	The Woman Order, while not revoked by the Lincoln administration,
    helped to set the stage for Butler's removal from the military
    governorship of New Orleans on 16 December 1862.
    	The day after the issuance of the Woman Order, Butler stops the
    New Orleans newspapers, BEE and DELTA uner the control of Federal
    authorities.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: General McDowell is at
    Fredericksburg, Virginia and recieves orders to advance toward the
    Confederate capital at Richmond in order to be in concert with
    McClellan's forces.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: In Virginia, Union troops
    press closer to Richmond, taking Suffolk and occupying that town 17
    miles south of Norfolk. In the Shenandoah Valley, Confederate General
    Stonewall Jackson continues to push the Federals, clashing with
    General Nathaniel Banks.
    
    	NAVAL: Vicksburg, on the Mississippi River, is the object of David
    Farragut's advance with a Federal fleet, the city being under the 
    protection of Confederate General M.L. Smith who will not surrender
    jurisdiction to the North. It is important to the Federals to take
    possession of this Confederate city since it commands an important
    position on the Mississippi.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: In an action reversing an earlier decision made by
    General David Hunter, President Lincoln countermands the order of
    9 May 1862 which liberated slaves in the Department of the South.
    Lincoln's position is that General Hunter had exceeded his offical
    authority in issuing such a liberation order, and that such decisions
    are to made only by the chief executive.
    
    	THE CONFEDERACY: President Jefferson Davis, in continued 
    communication with his wife, indicates the Confederate position 
    concerning preparation for the Federal offensive on Richmond, Virginia:
    'We are uncertain of everything except that a battle must be near at
    hand.'
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: There is little change in the
    continuing buildup of Union troop strength in the area surrounding
    Richmond, Virginia.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln signs into law a bill authorizing
    the Homestead Act. Designed to aid both the private citizen who wishes
    to obtain quality land at affordable rates, the Homestead Act makes
    160-acre quarter sections available for a nominal fee to those who can
    improve the parcel of land for five years. This is later to be
    considered a critical instrument in the settlement of the West and the
    developement of western agricultural lands.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: The Army of the Potomac under
    General McClellan is now only eight miles from Richmond, Virginia, the
    Confederate capital. In an attempt to prevent Union General Nathaniel
    Banks from moving troops to meet and support McClellan, Confederate
    General Stonewall Jackson and General Richard Ewell take their 16,000
    men into the Luray Valley area of the Shenandoah.
    	By moving north Jackson hopes to block Banks' path out of the 
    western reaches of the Shenandoah. The Virginia Central railroad is
    attacked by Union troops at Jackson's River Depot.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: General McClellan continues
    to ask President Lincoln for more troops to augment the Army of the
    Potomac; this time he requests help from McDowell's forces which are
    enroute to Richmond, Virginia.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: General Stonewall Jackson
    pushes further toward Front Royal, West Virginia, in preparation for
    a major engagement with Federals on the following day.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Henry Halleck continues to direct his
    troops in the skirmishing which occurs at Corinth, Mississippi between
    the Federals and the Confederate forces under General Beauregard.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: After having journeyed to Fredericksburg,
    Virginia, President Lincoln confers with General McDowell who is
    positioned at Aquia Creek and Fredericksburg. 
    	The following day, Lincoln sends orders to McDowell, telling the
    general to direct 20,000 troops into the Shenandoah area in order to
    prevent Confederates from moving their forces any closer to Banks'
    troops of the Army of the Potomac. Lincoln tells McDowell, 'Your object
    will be to capture the forces of Jackson and Ewell'.
    	At Front Royal, West Virginia, General Jackson's troops encounter
    8000 Union soldiers and take the area from Federal control. This
    victory is a relatively easy one, and does little to improve Banks'
    position, which is now seriously threatened.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln confers with his Cabinet; the result
    of this discussion is the issuance of new military orders to General
    Fre'mont. The general is instructed to advance against General
    Jackson's forces in the Shenandoah Valley.
    	Because of Lincoln's new orders to General McDowell, also
    concerning Jackson, the President communicates the information to
    General McClellan that an increase in his troop strength is at this
    time impossible.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Communications between the President and General
    McClellan continue as Lincoln presses his General-in-Chief to 'either
    attack Richmond or give up the job and come to the defense of 
    Washington'.
    	The Union Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, puts out a call for
    additional men to be supplied by any state that can spare more troops.
    Orders go out to give military transport top priority on railroad
    lines in the North.
    	
    	EASTERN THEATER: In the Shenandoah Valley, at Winchester, Virginia,
    General Jackson attacks Federal positions. While the Federals maintain
    their stance for a time, the offensive on the right by troops under
    the command of Jackson, and on the left by Ewell's troops, eventually
    compel General Nathaniel Banks' forces to pull back in a retreat 
    toward Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
    	This encounter at Winchester claims 400 Confederate casualties -
    68 dead, 329 wounded, 3 missing. General Banks' troops had totaled
    nearly 8000 at the start of this clash; he lost 62 men, with 243
    wounded and 1714 either missing or captured.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The discussion over allocation of troop strength and
    troop movement continues as President Lincoln asks General McClellan
    'Can you get near enough to throw shells into the city?'
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: There is little that Union General Nathanial
    Banks can do but to continue to move back away from Jackson's
    Confederates after the defeat at Winchester, Virginia. Banks moves
    the following day across the Potomac River into Federal territory
    near Williamsport.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Various actions occur to
    consolidate the Federal position near Richmond, Virginia. Approximately
    40,000 Union troops gather near Jackson's Confederates at Harper's
    Ferry. There is skirmishing at the South Anna River in Virginia, where
    Federals burn a 500 foot bridge and ultimately capture the nearby town
    of Ashland.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The pressure that General Halleck's Federals have
    put on General Beauregard's troops at Corinth, Mississippi has finally
    caused the Confederate general to give orders to retreat toward
    Tupelo, Mississippi.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: At Front Royal, in West
    Virginia, Union troops under General Shields occupy the town after a
    minor clash with General Jackson's retreating Confederates. Jackson is
    pulling away from the Harper's Ferry area so as to avoid being cut off
    by Fre'mont and McDowell.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Corinth, Mississippi, over 2000 prisoners are
    taken by Federal troops moving into the city. General Beauregard's
    Confederates have destroyed much of value that could not be taken out
    of Corinth; General Halleck's success in occupying the city is a real
    one but it is a success which lacks some degree of triumph simply
    because the campaign has taken over one month to reach fruition.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Movements by Confederate
    General Joseph Johnston and McClellan's Army of the Potomac result in
    a major operation at the battle of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines. This
    somewhat delayed offensive by Johnston is only marginally effective
    strategically, causing the Federal troops to pull back on the following
    day, but doing little to lessen the threat posed to the Confederate
    capital at Richmond, Virginia.
    	In all, Confederate losses are tallied at 6,134 while Union troops
    lose 5,031. General Johnston is wounded in this battle, causing
    Confederate President Jefferson Davis to name General Robert E. Lee as
    commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln sends a telegram to General McClellan
    concerning the situation at Richmond, Virginia. He tells the general:
    'Hold all your ground, or yield any only inch by inch and in good
    order'.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: General Jackson's
    Confederate troops meet those of Union General McDowell as Jackson
    continues to retreat to a position near Harrisonburg, Virginia.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The Confederate garrison at Fort Pillow, near
    Memphis, Tennessee, evacuates its position, leaving the city helpless
    in the face of advancing Union troops which have already taken Corinth,
    Mississippi. McClellan's forces meet and skirmish with Confederates on
    James Island, South Carolina. This is a position near Charleston, which
    is the object of the Federal advance in that area.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Richmond, Virginia remains
    threatened by the Union Army of the Potomac which is resting after the
    Fair Oaks and Seven Pines battle earlier in the week.
    	Some skirmishing does occur, however, mainly in West Virginia,
    near Big Bend. General Stonewall Jackson and his Confederate troops
    continue to pull back into the Shenandoah Valley.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Inclement weather prevents
    General McClellan's forces from pushing further toward Richmond,
    Virginia, where the Confederates anticipate attack from the Union Army
    and where Confederate General Robert E. Lee is preparing a defensive
    operation with the Army of Northern Virginia.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Skirmishing breaks out at various locations -
    Sedalaia, Missouri, Round Grove, in Indian Territory and near the
    Little Red River in Arkansas.
    
    	NAVAL: The Federal fleet which is moving toward Memphis, Tennessee
    passes Fort Wright and Fort Randolph unharrassed. The five ironclads
    and four rams making up the Union flotilla are under the direction of
    Commodore Charles Davis. They come to rest at anchor two miles above
    Memphis.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: Confederate Captain James Montgomery, with an inadequate
    force of gunboats, engages the Union flotilla at a point near Memphis,
    Tennessee. Commodore Davis' resources far exceed those of the
    Confederates, who have only 28 guns compared to the Union strength of
    68 guns.
    	As crowds gather in the pre-dawn hours, the Federals and
    Confederates clash, and within two hours the latter force has been
    almost completely disabled. The one vessel, VAN DORN, left to the
    Confederates after the river battle, escapes.
    	Triumphant Federals accept the surrender of Memphis shortly before
    noon. This battle is significant in that it opens the Mississippi, the
    target of future Union operations against Confederates in the area.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: As Confederates retreat,
    coming closer to Harrisburg, skirmishing breaks out at Union Church,
    Virginia when they meet advancing Northern troops. Reconnaissance 
    efforts on the part of Federals at Chickahominy Creek bring those
    troops close to the Confederate capital of Richmond, where General Lee
    is readying his Confederates for an offensive, as well as for the 
    defense of the city.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The difficult relations engendered by Union 
    General Benjamin Butler's treatment of New Orleans citizens are made
    even more uncomfortable when Butler orders William Mumford hanged.
    	Mumford, having removed and destroyed the United States flag on
    display over the New Orleans Mint, was seized, imprisoned, tried,
    and found guilty of treason against the Federal government.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Near Port Republic, Virginia,
    the battle of Cross Keys nearly causes the retreat of Confederate
    forces. While Jackson's troops are advancing against General Fre'mont's
    Federals, Confederate General R S Ewell was the commander of forces 
    which are able to hold off the Union troops and defend General
    Jackson's men. The Federals, numbering 10,500, were held off by 6500
    of Ewell's troops.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Fighting continues in the
    area of Cross Keys, Virginia, but the battle today between Jackson's
    troops and those of Fre'mont and Shields takes place at Port Republic.
    	The Confederates make a strong stand and eventually push the 
    Northern troops back. General Ewell's Confederates are an important
    resource in this offensive as they hold Fre'mont's men away from 
    Jackson's main force.
    	The battle here at Port Royal and the previous day's encounter at
    Cross Keys signal the end of Jackson's current campaign in the 
    Shenandoah.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: In one of the more flamboyant
    moves of the war, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart takes a force of
    cavalry and artillery out on a reconnaissance of the Federal positions
    on the Peninsular. This action, which covers a period of several days,
    is an important one as it disturbs supply and communication networks.
    	Riding completely around McClellan's Union Army force, General
    Stuart seriously disrupts the morale of the Federals who feel
    threatened by what is a seemingly larger enemy force than actually 
    exists.
    	This move (which comes to be known as Stuart's First Ride Around
    McClellan), is responsible for encouraging Southerners who have been
    suffering from numerous defeats and invasions over the past few months.
    Stuart's move is buttressed by Jackson's forces who are reinforced at
    Lee's command, and who add to the threat posed by a mobile cavalry
    under Stuart.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At James Island, South Carolina, Federal troops
    engage in a battle at Secessionville. The losses are significant,
    Union General H W Benham's forces losing 107 men, with 487 wounded and
    89 missing.
    	The Confederates under General N G Evans lose 52, with 144 injured
    and 8 missing. The Union force is repulsed despite its vigorous assault
    on a position which is critical to the control of Charleston Harbor.
    	In Winchester, Tennessee, skirmishes break out.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln oversees the reorganization of
    commands in the East. Resentful at being placed under General John
    Pope, General John Fre'mont resigns from the new Army of Virginia.
    General Franz Sigel steps into the vacancy created by Fre'mont's
    resignation. This move by Fre'mont places him in a position of
    ambiguity and he spends the remainder of the war in New York, hoping
    for further orders.
    
    	NAVAL: In Arkansas, on the White River, Union gunboats draw fire
    from Confederate batteries positioned at St Charles. The Federal
    steamer MOUND CITY is severely damaged when her boiler explodes,
    killing and wounding 125 men.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln outlines his controversial
    Emancipation Proclamation which outlaws slavery in all the states
    which continue to be in rebellion against the Federal government.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: The Federal advance against Vicksburg, Mississippi
    has begun under the command of General Thomas Williams. Admiral David
    Farragut aids in the attempt by providing gunboat protection.
    	Confederates under General Van Dorn, who commands the Department
    of Southern Mississippi and Louisiana, attempt to further fortify the
    city.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: While the Richmond, Virginia
    area remains calm and quiet as a whole, there is some minor skirmishing
    between Federals and Confederates at the Chickahominy Creek.
    	The Northern and Confederate armies are both awaiting the
    inevitable battle; as the President of the Confederacy, Jefferson
    Davis, points out in a latter, 'A total defeat of McClellan will
    relieve the Confederacy of its embarassments in the East'.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln leaves the Federal capital on a trip
    to New York and West Point. The President intends to discuss current
    and future military strategies with the retired General Winfield Scott.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: White House, Virginia is
    evacuated as McClellan's troops press forward, and at Mechanicsville
    there is minor skirmishing between Confederate and Union soldiers.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: General Van Dorn's troops are at beleagured
    Vicksburg, Mississippi where 3,000 Federals are encamped closeby.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: An effort by Confederates
    to deflect what they fear will be a crippling blow to Richmond, the
    Confederate capital, begins with the Seven Day's Campaign.
    	The first of a series of engagements, the Oak Grove Battle, sees
    Confederate General John Magruder conduct operations calculated to
    confuse Federals into assuming a larger Confederate force than is
    actually assembled.
    	While Magruder attempts this, General Lee attacks McClellan's
    forces gathered east of Richmond; despite a relatively ineffective
    assault on the Union troops, General McClellan is considerably more
    concerned than he had previously been about his army's safety.
    	A total of 51 killed, 401 wounded, and 64 missing on the Federal
    side results from this engagement; Confederates lose 40 men with 
    263 injuries and 13 missing.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: The battle of Gaines'
    Mills, the third in a series in the Seven Days' Campaign, sees
    General Lee's troops break through the Federal lines and follow the
    Northern force as it heads for Harrison's Landing, Virginia.
    	The Federals are undaunted however, and the Confederate command
    is not able to take advantage of the weaknesses in the Union line.
    General Porter takes his Federal troops abck across the Chickahominy
    to rejoin McClellan's main army.
    	General Magruder, south of the Chickahominy, continues to press
    the Union troops there with a greatly outnumbered force of
    Confederates. The results of the Gaines Mills battle is a total of
    6837 casualities for the North as compared to 8750 for the South.
    	As McClellan pulls his army back, the Confederates see some relief
    in the strain placed on their defenses at Richmond.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: At Garnett's and Golding's
    Farms, fighting between Confederate and Union troops continued in
    Virginia. The Northern forces are pulling away from Richmond in the
    direction of the Potomac River.
    	At White House Landing, Northern troops destroy supplies and
    equipment as they complete their evacuation of the area.
    
    	NAVAL: Admiral David Farragut takes his fleet past Confederate
    shore batteries at Vicksburg, Mississippi, losing 15 men and sustaining
    injuries to 30 others. All but three Federal vessels succeed in
    slipping past the Confederates at Vicksburg. The Northern offensive
    will continue for over a year.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: The Seven Days Campaign
    continues as Southern troops clash with Union forces at Savage's 
    Station. This battle sees Federals withdraw east of Richmond, Virginia,
    toward the James River, leaving behind over 2000 injured and ailing
    soldiers. It is a battle that can only be considered inconclusive.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: At White Oaks Swamp,
    Virginia, the sixth in a series of battles occurs as Union soldiers
    under General McClellan attempt to consolidate forces, succeeding to
    a certain degree in comparison to Longstreet's and Jackson's troops
    which seem plagued with confusion.
    	It is in part this confusion and lack of coordination which allows
    McClellan to assume a safely entrenched position on Malvern Hill to the
    north of the James River.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln signs into law a Federal income tax
    which levies a three percent tax on annual incomes of $600 to $10,000
    and five percent on incomes above $10,000. Unlike a similar act passed
    in the previous year, this one actually goes into effect.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: The defeat of Confederate
    troops after a short battle at Malvern Hill spells the end of the
    Seven Day's Campaign in Virginia. Confederate troops under General
    Lee attack McClellan's Army of the Potomac at a point north of
    Richmond, Malvern Hill. 
    	In this battle, the Confederate forces appear disorganized and make
    only minimal impact on Union troops which are equipped with better
    guns. Despite this final assualt which goes badly for the South, the
    Northern army is prevented from taking the Southern capital of
    Richmond, Virginia. And despite the ability of Lee's forces to hold
    the Federals at bay, the Union Army of the Potomac is not destroyed or
    even seriously disabled.
    	Throughtout the Seven Days' Campaign there are thousands of
    casualities - the North tallying nearly 16,000 dead, injured and
    missing. Confederates estimate over 20,000 casualities.
     
    					The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WASHINGTON: In a move which is later to become important to the
    further development of vast agricultural lands in the west, President
    Lincoln signs the Morrill Land Grant Act into law. This law will give
    states apportionments of public land on which to build agricultural
    colleges. This act is introduced in Congress by Senator Justin Morrill
    of Vermont.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER, PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN: Harrison's Landing, Virginia
    is the goal of McClellan's army which is retreating from its recent
    battle at Malvern Hill. Some minor skirmishing breaks out as the Union
    forces pull away.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: This eighty-sixth celebration of Independence Day is
    observed with more than the usual enthusiasm.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: In Kentucky, Confederate Colonel John Hunt Morgan
    begins a series of raids which later earn him recognition from the
    Confederate Congress for his 'varied, heroic, and invaluable services
    in Tennessee and Kentucky'.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	THE NORTH: General McClellan, having reached Harrison's Landing
    on the James River, is visited by President Lincoln. In view of the
    recent difficulties faced by the Army of the Potomac which were, in
    McClellan's opinion, exacerbated by Lincoln's refusal to send more
    troops to aid in the Peninsular Campaign, the general delivers a 
    letter to the President.
    	In this letter, General McClellan points out what he percieves as
    weaknesses in Lincoln's current military and political strategies. He
    attempts tp persuade the President to maintain a more conservative
    approach in conducting the war, urging that the war 'should not be at 
    all a war upon population, but against armed forces and political
    organizations.'
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Confederate John Hunt Morgan seizes Tompkinsville,
    Kentucky. The Confederate Colonel and his cavalry unit are continuing
    to carry out a series of raids against Federal positions.
    
    	NAVAL: At Hamilton, North Carolina, Confederate positions on the
    banks of the Roanoke River fall into Federal hands. Several Confederate
    vessels are taken by the North, and about 35 Southerners are killed.
    The Federals lose two men and sustain 10 injuries.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: The Northern Army of Virginia, commanded by
    General John Pope, is positioned in the Shenandoah Valley. General Pope
    makes clear that civilians in the area are obligated to give aid to and
    prevent disruption of the Federal military efforts there. 
    	Pope prescribes harsh treatment in response to any resistance from
    the people in the Shenadoah Valley.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Colonel Morgan and his raiders press Federals in
    Kentucky, and the Southern commander urges the people of the area to
    'rise and arm, and drive the Hessian invaders from their soil'.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln appoints General Henry Halleck to the
    position of General-in-Chief of the Federal Army.
    	Halleck has proven to be an able and far-sighted leader, and his
    most recent actions at the successful seizure of Corinth, Mississippi,
    suggest that he will continue to exhibit sound judgement in military
    matters.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln is in correspondence with General
    McClellan over the allotment of soldiers for the attempted seizure of
    Richmond, Virginia. It is becoming increasingly difficult for Lincoln
    to ignore the fact that McClellan has yet to launch an effective
    offensive against Confederates on the Peninsular.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Movement of General Lee's Confederates away from
    Richmond, Virginia suggests the beginning of another campaign against
    the threatening Northern forces. A bridge near Rapidan Station,
    Virginia is destroyed by Northern troops as they skirmish with 
    Confederates at this point on the Rapidan River.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Federal forces are
    defeated by General Nathan Bedford Forest's 1000 troops. Northern
    General Thomas Crittenden and his men make a valiant defense but are
    overpowered and nearly all are captured by the Confederates. The North
    loses a large amount of valuable military supplies and equipment in
    this raid on their position at Murfreesboro.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln asks Congress to approve a law which
    will compensate 'any state which may abolish slavery within its limits'
    The congressional approval that Lincoln seeks is not forthcoming,
    however, as 20 border states disagree with the President's plan. In a
    seperate action, Congress passes a law creating the state of West
    Virginia which has seceded from the state of Virginia as a result of 
    the split between North and South.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: the Union Army of Virginia under General John
    Pope's command receives orders from him concerning its conduct towards
    the enemy. In this famous address to the Northern troops, General Pope
    makes clear his stance and that which he expects his army to take:
    'The strongest position a soldier should desire to occupy is one from
    which he can most easily advance against the enemy.'
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	NAVAL: In a spectacular battle on the Mississippi, the Southern
    ironclad ARKANSAS engages three Federal vessels, and proceeds
    downriver. Near the city of Vicksburg, Admiral David Farragut attacks
    the ARKANSAS with the Federal fleet but to no avail. The Union loses
    18 men, sustains 50 injuries and lists 10 men as missing. Confederates
    tally 10 killed and 15 wounded.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer
    

    
    	WASHINGTON: The Second Confiscation Act is signed into law by
    President Lincoln. This act provides for the freedom of those slaves
    coming into Federal jurisdiction from outside the Union, and also 
    gives the president ceretain powers to grant amnesty and pardon in
    cases where he deems such actions appropriate. (This act supplements,
    in many ways, the Emancipation Proclamation as it deals with slaves
    who are in the territories in rebellion.)
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Confederate raiders under Colonel John Hunt Morgan
    make a surprise attack on Northern troops ay Cynthiana, Kentucky.
    After several hours of fighting to defend their positions there, the
    Federals are overcome and Southern troops occupy the town. At this
    engagement, 17 Federal soldiers and 24 Confederates are killed.
    	Skirmishing occurs at Columbia, Tennessee.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer 

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Colonel Morgan's Confederate raiders are
    surprised by Union cavalry near Owensville, Kentucky, with the
    result that the Southern soldiers are dispersed, the Federals
    taking horses and equipment from them.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: President Lincoln presents his Emancipation
    Proclamation to his Cabinet. This action produces surprise in most
    quarters. The War Department announces that the military is
    empowered to employ as paid laborers any persons of African descent.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Confederates near Carmel Church, Virginia are
    attacked by Federal cavalry. In Northern Virginia, General John Pope
    announces that all disloyal citizens within his jurisdiction are to
    be arrested.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg
    are advancing on Chattanooga, Tennessee from their base at Tupelo,
    Mississippi.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: There is skirmishing at various points
    between Federals and Confederates: near Brown's Spring, Missouri;
    in Carroll, Ray and Livingston counties in that state; and near 
    Fort Gibson in Indian Territory.
    
    				The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Confederates lose 10 men at Bollinger's Mills,
    Missouri, as Federal forces make a successful assault on the 
    Southern position there.
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: At Moore's Mills in Missouri, Confederates are
    routed by Union guerillas. Southern losses tally at 62 dead, 100
    wounded. Federals lose 16 men and sustain 30 injuries.
    
    	INTERNATIONAL: Union officials in England are unsuccessful in an
    attempt to prevent the Confederate vessel ALABAMA from sailing out of
    Liverpool. Commanded by Captain Raphael Semmes, the ALABAMA will
    inflict much damage to Federal vessels in Atlantic waters, and is the
    ship responsible for a series of claims against the British 
    government brought by United States ambassador Charles F. Adams.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Federal troops under General McClellan, stationed
    at Harrison's Landing, Virginia are bombarded by Confederate batteries.
    The Federals return fire and are able, after losing six men, to silence
    the Confederate guns.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Skirmishing breaks out in Missouri at Ozark,
    Grand River and Carrolton. In addition, at Newark, Missouri, Northern
    troops battle unsuccessfully with Southern troops resulting in
    surrender after several hours. About 70 Federals surrender to the
    Confederates in this action, while Southern casualities tally over 100
    dead and injured.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Secretary of State Seward communicates the Federal
    government's position on mediation offers from Britain. Seward counsels
    United States Ambassador to Britain, Charles F. Adams, to decline any
    suggested mediation of the ongoing civil conflict in the United States.
    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Orange Court House, Virginia, having been occupied
    by several Southern cavalry regiments, is seized by troops from General
    John Pope's Army of Virginia. These forces cross the Rapidan River,
    clashing with Confederates who lose 11 men and see 52 taken as 
    prisoners; the Federals sustain five casualities in this encounter.
    Malvern Hill, Virginia is retaken by troops from General McClellan's
    Army of the Potomac.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: General-in-Chief Henry Halleck sends orders to General
    McClellan that the Army of the Potomac is to be relocated. In order to
    better provide for the defense of the Federal capital, McClellan's
    troops are to be stationed at Alexandria and Aquia Landing, in
    Virginia.
    	This conflicts with McClellan's views of the military needs of the
    Pennisula, and the general clashes bitterly with Halleck over this
    order.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: The President issues military orders which are to
    provide for a draft of upwards of 300,000 men. This order never goes
    into effect, but in a separate action Lincoln makes provision for 
    the recognition and promotion of competent military personnel.
    	President also declines the opportunity to enlist two black
    regiments from Indiana.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	THE WESTERN THEATER: At Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate forces
    attack Union troops stationed there. General John Breckenridge and
    about 2600 Southerners fight with 2500 Union soldiers under the
    command of General Thomas Williams, who is subsequently killed.
    	The Confederates are eventually pushed back to a point some 10
    miles out of the city, due in part to the inability of the Southern
    gunboat ARKANSAS to relieve the land forces.
    	At this battle, Federals lose 383 men, the South tallies 453 dead.
    	In Tennessee, Fort Donelson is attacked and the Union troops
    garrisoned there push the Southerners back after a fierce fight.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER: Confederate troops in Virginia push toward Union
    positions at Culpepper Court House and Madison Court House. Federals
    pull back from their recently recovered position at Malvern Hill, and
    there is skirmishing between Federals and southern troops at Wolftown,
    Virginia.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Fort Fillmore, in the New Mexico Territory,
    witnesses the routing of Confederate troops in the area by Federal
    forces under Colonel E.R.S. Canby. Montevallo, Missouri is the site
    of skirmishing.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WASHINGTON: Secretary of War Stanton orders that anyone attempting
    to evade military service shall be subject to arrest.
    
    	WESTERN THEATER: At Cumberland Gap in Tennessee, Confederates and
    Federals engage each other in fighting which ultimately leaves the
    Southern troops the losers - they tally 125 killed and injured as
    compared to Union casualities of 3 dead and 15 wounded.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, SECOND BULL RUN CAMPAIGN: At Cedar Mountain,
    Virginia, General Jackson's Confederates are positioned near Culpepper,
    and intend to strike the Union forces under General John Pope.
    	In what is ultimately an unsuccessful action, General Banks and his
    Federals attack Jackson. This attack is foiled by General A.P. Hill's
    arrival; the Confederate troops under Hill manage to push Bank's
    forces back.
    	It is now clear to General Jackson that McClellan's Army of the
    Potomac will be moving into the region with reinforcements foe Pope's
    troops. 
    	At this battle of Cedar Mountain, the beginning of the Second Bull
    Run Campaign (also known as Second Manassas) that lasts until September
    1862, Union losses tally at 314 dead, 1445 injured, 622 missing.
    Southern forces report 1341 casualities.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer
    

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Various actions occur - near Columbia, Tennessee
    there is minor fighting between Southern troops and Northern forces
    while similar clashes occur near Williamsport, also in Tennessee.
    	In Corinth, Mississippi, an annoucement by Union General Ulyssess
    Grant states that those fugitive slaves in the area under his 
    jurisdiction shall be employed by the military.
    
    					The Alabama Slammer

    
    	WESTERN THEATER: Confederate Colonel John Hunt Morgan carries out
    a raid on Gallatin, Tennessee, the result of which is the capture of
    the town where a Federal garrison, composed of four companies, is
    stationed. This takeover is short-lived, however, as Gallatin falls
    back into Union hands within 24 hours.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer

    
    	EASTERN THEATER, SECOND BULL RUN CAMPAIGN: Various minor skirmishes
    occur between Southerners and Northern troops in Virginia near Orange
    Court House. General Robert E. Lee's forces begin to advance on
    Gordonsville, where this Army of Northern Virginia will soon be
    immersed in the Second Battle of Bull Run.
    
    	TRANS-MISSISSIPPI: Confederates clash with, and are defeated by,
    Northern forces at Yellow Creek, in Missouri. Around 60 Southern
    soldiers fall into Union hands after this engagement.
    
    	NAVAL: The Potomac River is the site of a collision between two
    Federal steamers, the GEORGE PEABODY and the WEST POINT. A total of
    83 lives are lost in this accident.
    
    						The Alabama Slammer