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Conference rusure::math

Title:Mathematics at DEC
Moderator:RUSURE::EDP
Created:Mon Feb 03 1986
Last Modified:Fri Jun 06 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2083
Total number of notes:14613

2006.0. "Old Mutual Math. Olympiad (1993) [South African]" by AUSSIE::GARSON (achtentachtig kacheltjes) Tue Oct 24 1995 21:38

    For which values of n (a positive integer) is the number
    
    S[n] = 1! + 2! + ... + n!
    
    the square of an integer?
T.RTitleUserPersonal
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2006.1n = 1 or 3JOBURG::BUCHANANdodging lions and wasting timeWed Oct 25 1995 09:344
    because it's South African, I'll reply. 
    n>=4 => S[n] == S[4] == 3 mod 5 
    but 3 is a quadratic non-residue mod 5.
    So we need only check n=<3. 
2006.2Not manyCHEFS::STRANGEWAYSAndy Strangeways@REO DTN 830-3216Wed Oct 25 1995 09:397
    Only for n = 1 and n = 3.
    
    S[4] = 1 + 2 + 6 + 24 = 33.
    
    For n > 4, n! == 0 (10), so S[n] == 3 (10) and cannot be a square.
    
    Andy.
2006.3Re .1CHEFS::STRANGEWAYSAndy Strangeways@REO DTN 830-3216Wed Oct 25 1995 09:411
    Notes collision!
2006.4more puzzlesJOBURG::BUCHANANdodging lions and wasting timeWed Oct 25 1995 12:3018
    Some more puzzles. For which values of n:
    
    	(a) is S[n] "square-free"? (divisible by no square number > 1)
    
    	(b) is S[n] "square-less"? (Let arity(p,x) = a be the largest exponent 
    such that p^a divides x, but p^(a+1) does not divide x. Then say that 
    x is *square-less* if there is no prime p dividing x such that
    arity(p,x) is even.)
    
    	Those two were easy, now a little harder...
    
    	(c) Let p be prime. Let a[p,n] = arity(p,S[n]). Conjecture: as n ->
    infinity, the sequence a[p,n] is bounded above, by some value A[p].
    
	(d) Conjecture: as p -> infinity, A[p] is bounded above, by some
    value A*.
    
Andrew.                                 
2006.5AUSSIE::GARSONachtentachtig kacheltjesThu Oct 26 1995 07:3812
    re .4
    
    (a)
    
    It is easy to see that
    
    t|S[n] and t|(n+1)! => t|S[m] for all m >= n
    
    Since 9|S[5] and 9|6!, 9|S[m] for all m >= 5
    
    Hence the only possible square-free S[n] are those with n in {1,2,3,4}
    and by inspection the solution is n=1 or n=2 or n=4.
2006.6AUSSIE::GARSONachtentachtig kacheltjesThu Oct 26 1995 08:0319
    re .4
    
    (b)
    
    It is nearly as easy to see that
    
    arity(p,S[n]) = t and p^(t+1) | (n+1)! => arity(p,S[m]) = t for all m >= n
    
    Since arity(3,S[8]) = 2 and 3^3 | 9!, arity(3,S[m]) = 2 for all m >= 8
    
    Hence the only possible square-less S[n] are those with n in {1..7}
    and by inspection the solution is n=1 or n=2 or n=4.
    
    
    (c) looks harder. It would I think be necessary to show that eventually
    the antecedent above is satisfied. Note though that t would not
    necessarily be A[p]. For example A[3] >= 4 while t = 2 in the notation
    above. By the way did you intend A[p] to be the least upper bound?
    
2006.7I am unanimous with youJOBURG::BUCHANANdodging lions and wasting timeThu Oct 26 1995 10:546
>    (c) looks harder. It would I think be necessary to show that eventually
>    the antecedent above is satisfied. Note though that t would not
>    necessarily be A[p]. For example A[3] >= 4 while t = 2 in the notation
>    above. By the way did you intend A[p] to be the least upper bound?
 
    Yes to all 5 points.