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| Title: | -={ H A C K E R S }=- |
| Notice: | Write locked - see NOTED::HACKERS |
| Moderator: | DIEHRD::MORRIS |
|
| Created: | Thu Feb 20 1986 |
| Last Modified: | Mon Aug 03 1992 |
| Last Successful Update: | Fri Jun 06 1997 |
| Number of topics: | 680 |
| Total number of notes: | 5456 |
47.0. "Combatting Hackers" by QUILL::NELSON () Mon Aug 20 1984 00:12
The following originally appeared in a notesfile on CDC's PLATO
system. As you may or may not know, PLATO system development is in
Minneapolis, MN.
JENelson
=============================================================================
COMPUTER CRIME -- CHAPTER 534 H.F.No. 356
An Act relating to crimes; specifying offenses relating to
computers; providing penalties; proposing new law coded in Minnesota
Statutes 1980, Chapter 609.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota:
Section 1. 609.87 Computer crime; definitions
Subdivision 1, [4mApplicability[m. For purposes of sections 609.87 to\
609.89 the terms defined in this section have the meanings given them.
Subdivision 2, [4mAccess[m. "Access" means to instruct, communicate\
with, store data in, or retrieve data from a computer system or computer
network.
Subdivision 3, [4mComputer[m. "Computer" means an electronic device\
which performs logical, arithmetic and memory functions by the
manipulations of signals, including but not limited to electronic or
magnetic impulses.
Subdivision 4, [4mComputer system[m. "Computer system" means related,\
connected or unconnected, computers and peripheral equipment.
Subdivision 5, [4mComputer network[m. "Computer network" means the\
interconnection of a communications system with a computer through a
remote terminal or with two or more interconnected computers or computer
systems.
Subdivision 6, [4mProperty[m. "Property" includes, but is not limited\
to electronically processed or produced data and information contained
in a computer or computer software in either machine or human readable
form.
Subdivision 7, [4mServices[m. "Services" includes but is not limited to\
computer time, data processing, and storage functions.
Subdivision 8, [4mComputer Program[m. "Computer program" means an\
instruction or statement or a series of instructions or statements, in a
form acceptable to a computer, which directs the functioning of a
computer system in a manner designed to provide appropriate products
from the computer.
Subdivision 9, [4mComputer Software[m. "Computer software" means a\
computer program or procedures, or associated documentation concerned
with the operations of a computer.
Subdivision 10, [4mLoss[m. "Loss" means the greatest of the following:\
(a) the retail market value of the property or services involved;
(b) the reasonable repair or replacement cost, whichever is less; or
(c) the reasonable value of the damage created by the unavailability of
lack of utility of the property or services involved until repair or
replacement can be effected.
Section 2. 609.88 Computer damage
Subdivision 1, [4mActs[m. Whoever does any of the following is guilty\
of computer damage and may be sentenced as provided in subdivision 2;
(a) Intentionally and without authorization damages or destroys any
computer, computer system, computer network, computer software, or
any property specifically defined in section 609.87, subdivision 6.
(b) Intentionally and without authorization and with intent to injure or
defraud alters any computer, or any other property specifically
defined in section 609.87, subdivision 6.
Subdivision 2, [4mPenalty[m. Whoever commits computer damage may be\
sentenced as follows:
(a) To imprisonment for not more than ten years or payment of a fine of
not more than $50,000, or both, if the damage, destruction, or
alteration results in a loss in excess of $2,500, to the owner, his
agent or lessee;
(b) To imprisonment for not more than five years or to a payment of a
fine of not more than $5,000, or both, if the damage, destruction or
alteration results in a loss of more than $500, but not more than
$2,500 to the owner, his agent or lessee; or
(c) In all other cases to imprisonment for not more than 90 days or to a
payment of a fine of not more than $500, or both.
Section 3. 609.89 Computer theft
Subdivision 1, [4mActs[m. Whoever does any of the following is guilty\
of computer theft and may be sentenced as provided in subdivision 2;
(a) Intentionally and without authorization or claim of right access or
causes to be accessed in any computer, computer system, computer
network or any part thereof for the purpose of obtaining services or
property; or
(b) Intentionally and without claim to right, and with intent to
permanently deprive the owner of possession, takes, transfers,
conceals, or retains possession of any computer, computer system, or
any computer software or data contained in a computer, computer
system, or computer network.
Subdivision 2, [4mPenalty[m. Anyone who commits computer theft may be\
sentenced as follows:
(a) To imprisonment for not more than ten years or to payment of a fine
of not more than $50,000, or both, if the loss to the owner, his
agent, or lessee is in excess of $2,500; or
(b) To imprisonment for not more than five years or a payment of a fine
of not more than $5,000, or both, if the loss to the owner, his
agent or lessee is more than $500, but not more than $2,500; or
(c) In all other cases to imprisonment for not more than 90 days or to
payment of a fine of not more than $500 or both.
Section 4. Effective date
This act is effective August 1, 1982 and applies to all crimes
committed on or after that date.
Approved March 22, 1982.
=============================================================================
| T.R | Title | User | Personal
Name | Date | Lines |
|---|
| 47.1 | | NY1MM::MUSLIN | | Mon Aug 20 1984 04:40 | 6 |
| a) What is PLATO?
b) I object to the word "Hacker" in the title of this message! :-)
- Victor -
|
| 47.2 | | ORPHAN::BRETT | | Mon Aug 20 1984 13:00 | 4 |
|
PLATO is a CDC cai system
/Bevin
|
| 47.3 | | PSYCHE::MCVAY | | Wed Aug 22 1984 00:59 | 24 |
| PLATO is THE c.a.i. system. It originally ran under the biggest
godawful machines around: CDC Cybers. PLATO is also one of the finest
courseware authoring languages ever developed. It is possible to
write, or simulate, almost anything on a PLATO terminal. It is even
possible to hook up oscilloscopes and simulate any sort of mechanical
or electrical problem on the scope. With all that, why isn't
everything written in PLATO?
...because the developers confused the tool with the users. They
invented the greatest typewriter in the world, and then were puzzled
that the greatest novels in the world weren't suddenly produced on it.
Essentially, it was discovered that great coursewriting software
doesn't lead to great courses.
In recent years, PLATO has been resurrected on small systems. It
runs nicely on Apples and IBM PCs. Someday a truly gifted writer/
teacher may even develop the great courseware the designers hoped
might appear...
=================================================================
On the original subject of this note: it's simply a matter of the law
catching up with technology. Once cars started using roads, speed
limits were inevitable (except in England).
|
| 47.4 | | ACE::BREWER | | Tue Aug 21 1984 23:44 | 15 |
|
I also took a demo on a Plato system supported, I believe by a 6600
or 7600 CDC Cyber machine. Pretty neat for the time (6years or so ago).
All of the terminals that we used had touch screen user interface. I remember
them as capacitively controlled with a mylar or some such overlay over the
screen.
re: CYBER (NOS.BE operating system)....
THANK GOD FOR DCL!!!
I also remember all of the PLATO terminals having a "CDC of Iran"
logo on the front. The writeoff of Trilogy may have been small in comparison!
-John
|
| 47.5 | | VIKING::WATERS_1 | | Wed Aug 22 1984 20:24 | 10 |
|
Doesn't anyone have any reaction to the subject matter instead
of the PLATO system?
- Lester -
P.S. I have a number of legal issues on computer crime and regulation
(such as limiting BBS systems). they can be found on
VIKING::WRK:[WATERS.BBS]
|
| 47.6 | | TURTLE::GILBERT | | Thu Aug 23 1984 19:07 | 9 |
| I "grew up" in the vicinity of the original PLATO development (I tended to
avoid PLATO, since it was an easy way to spend all-nighters, and to flunk out
of college). The "core" of the system was a CDC Cyber (later 2), and the most
incredibe hodge-podge of miscellaneous other equipment imaginable. A small
fleet of PDP-11s were used as file servers, ....
Regarding the original note. The legislation looks good; the software industry
needs such legislation. Also, I was a nit surprised by the severity of the
maximum fines and jail sentences.
|
| 47.7 | | QUILL::NELSON | | Fri Aug 24 1984 03:46 | 15 |
| Some interesting legal questions, assuming the legislation has been enacted:
1) Consider the pirate in State A who steals software from a
computer in MN; the software is owned by a user located in
State B (both states may or may not be MN.) Can user B charge
and convict under MN law?
2) What about pirates outside of the USA? CDC has data links between
most of it's PLATO systems throughout the world; interactive links
are rare, but they do exist.
4) Are pirates in MN convictable under MN law if the computer they
steal from is not in MN?
JENelson
|